ArticleFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2013
Th2 differentiation is necessary for soft tissue fibrosis and lymphatic dysfunction resulting from lymphedema.
Article in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 145 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Malar Bags After Lower Lid Blepharoplasty and Facelift: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of Tacrolimus
Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy on Tissue Volume, Pain, and Quality of Life in Women Living With Lipedema
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of eight different acupuncture and moxibustion therapies on breast cancer-related lymphedema: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Current Advancements in Animal Models of Postsurgical Lymphedema: A Systematic Review.Advances in wound care · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of weight reduction on the breast cancer-related lymphedema: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Treatment of Radiation-Associated Dysphagia with Statins (TRADstat): protocol for a prospective, single-site, single-arm pilot trial.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in T helper 2-mediated inflammatory skin disorders.Skin health and disease · 2026Review
- A perforator-based adipocutaneous skin paddle derived from free muscle flap reconstruction as a hypothesis-generating human tissue model of early localized lymphatic insufficiency.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Keratinocytes: A key player in skin immunity and their emerging roles in secondary lymphedema.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Review
- Radiation induces senescence in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and murine tail lymphedema tissue, contributing to lymphedema progression.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Critical role of keratinocytes and protease-activated receptor 2 in secondary lymphedema development.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Identification of a Cytokine Biomarker for Prognostic Modeling of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
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- Validation of Indocyanine Green-Methylene Blue Dye in the Lymphedema Rat Tail Model.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- From stasis to systematics: deciphering the pathophysiology of secondary lymphedema through omics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and treatments of lymphedema.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cutaneous fibrosis disease: from mechanisms to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune cell fibrotic plasticity: mesenchymal-like reprogramming of macrophages, neutrophils and T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Do not mistake symptomatic improvement for disease modification: therapeutic endpoints in secondary lower-extremity lymphedema require inflammation-fibrosis anchoring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Lymphedema is a dreaded complication of cancer treatment. However, despite the fact that >5 million Americans are affected by this disorder, the development of effective treatments is limited by the fact that the pathology of lymphedema remains unknown. The purpose of these studies was to determine the role of inflammatory responses in lymphedema pathology. Using mouse models of lymphedema, as well as clinical lymphedema specimens, we show that lymphatic stasis results in a CD4 T-cell inflammation and T-helper 2 (Th2) differentiation. Using mice deficient in T cells or CD4 cells, we show that this inflammatory response is necessary for the pathological changes of lymphedema, including fibrosis, adipose deposition, and lymphatic dysfunction. Further, we show that inhibition of Th2 differentiation using interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-13 blockade prevents initiation and progression of lymphedema by decreasing tissue fibrosis and significantly improving lymphatic function, independent of lymphangiogenic growth factors. We show that CD4 inflammation is a critical regulator of tissue fibrosis and lymphatic dysfunction in lymphedema and that inhibition of Th2 differentiation markedly improves lymphatic function independent of lymphangiogenic cytokine expression. Notably, preventing and/or reversing the development of pathological tissue changes that occur in lymphedema may be a viable treatment strategy for this disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.