ArticleJournal of virology2013
Intramuscular inoculation of mice with the live-attenuated recombinant rabies virus TriGAS results in a transient infection of the draining lymph nodes and a robust, long-lasting protective immune response against rabies.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined Glycoprotein Mutations in Rabies Virus Promote Astrocyte Tropism and Protective CNS Immunity in Mice.Viruses · 2026Article
- Exogenous IFN-α delivered as an intranasal adjunct to systemic vaccination directs vaccine-specific T-cell responses to the upper respiratory tract.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Duplication of the Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Enhances the Virus Propagation Rate and Immunogenicity.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
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- Investigating the Interaction between Negative Strand RNA Viruses and Their Hosts for Enhanced Vaccine Development and Production.Vaccines · 2021Review
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- Clearance of attenuated rabies virus from brain tissues is required for long-term protection against CNS challenge with a pathogenic variant.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Article
- Protection Against CNS-Targeted Rabies Virus Infection is Dependent upon Type-1 Immune Mechanisms Induced by Live-Attenuated Rabies Vaccines.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2017Article
- Overexpression of Interleukin-7 Extends the Humoral Immune Response Induced by Rabies Vaccination.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- A Novel Rabies Vaccine Expressing CXCL13 Enhances Humoral Immunity by Recruiting both T Follicular Helper and Germinal Center B Cells.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- A recombinant rabies virus carrying GFP between N and P affects viral transcription in vitro.Virus genes · 2016Article
- Live-attenuated measles virus vaccine targets dendritic cells and macrophages in muscle of nonhuman primates.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Differential Host Immune Responses after Infection with Wild-Type or Lab-Attenuated Rabies Viruses in Dogs.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Pre- and post-exposure safety and efficacy of attenuated rabies virus vaccines are enhanced by their expression of IFNγ.Virology · 2015Article
- Current status of rabies and prospects for elimination.Lancet (London, England) · 2014Review
- Real-Time RT-PCR for the Detection of Lyssavirus Species.Journal of veterinary medicine · 2014Article
- Limited brain metabolism changes differentiate between the progression and clearance of rabies virus.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A single intramuscular application of the live but not UV-inactivated recombinant rabies virus (RABV) variant TriGAS in mice induces the robust and sustained production of RABV-neutralizing antibodies that correlate with long-term protection against challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of the wild-type RABV. To obtain insight into the mechanism by which live TriGAS induces long-lasting protective immunity, quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of muscle tissue, draining lymph nodes, spleen, spinal cord, and brain at different times after TriGAS inoculation revealed the presence of significant copy numbers of RABV-specific RNA in muscle, lymph node, and to a lesser extent, spleen for several days postinfection. Notably, no significant amounts of RABV RNA were detected in brain or spinal cord at any time after TriGAS inoculation. Differential qPCR analysis revealed that the RABV-specific RNA detected in muscle is predominantly genomic RNA, whereas RABV RNA detected in draining lymph nodes is predominantly mRNA. Comparison of genomic RNA and mRNA obtained from isolated lymph node cells showed the highest mRNA-to-genomic-RNA ratios in B cells and dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting that these cells represent the major cell population that is infected in the lymph node. Since RABV RNA declined to undetectable levels by 14 days postinoculation of TriGAS, we speculate that a transient infection of DCs with TriGAS may be highly immunostimulatory through mechanisms that enhance antigen presentation. Our results support the superior efficacy and safety of TriGAS and advocate for its utility as a vaccine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.