ArticleBMC genomics2012
Structure of the type IV secretion system in different strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Article in BMC genomics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The type IV secretion system ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Development of a Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange System for Gene Knockout and Expression of Non-Native Gene Sequences inVaccines · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of an emergingEmerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Clinico-Pathological Findings, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Current vaccines, experimental immunization trials, and new perspectives to control selected vector borne blood parasites of veterinary importance.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ats-1 enhances exosome secretion through Syntenin-1.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Comparative Whole Genome Analysis of anPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comparative hologenomics of twoPeerJ · 2021Article
- Review
- Disruption of VirB6 Paralogs in Anaplasma phagocytophilum Attenuates Its Growth.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- VirB10 vaccination for protection against Anaplasma phagocytophilum.BMC microbiology · 2018Article
- Insights into origin and evolution of α-proteobacterial gene transfer agents.Virus evolution · 2017Article
- Manipulation of Host Cholesterol by Obligate Intracellular Bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Delivery of Anaplasma marginale Membrane Proteins; VirB9-1 and VirB10 Produced in the Pichia pastoris Expression System.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Chimeric Coupling Proteins Mediate Transfer of Heterologous Type IV Effectors through the Escherichia coli pKM101-Encoded Conjugation Machine.Journal of bacteriology · 2016Article
- The Rickettsia type IV secretion system: unrealized complexity mired by gene family expansion.Pathogens and disease · 2016Article
- Mechanism and Function of Type IV Secretion During Infection of the Human Host.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Review
- Essential domains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum invasins utilized to infect mammalian host cells.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Secretome of obligate intracellular Rickettsia.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnaplasma phagocytophilum is an intracellular organism in the Order Rickettsiales that infects diverse animal species and is causing an emerging disease in humans, dogs and horses. Different strains have very different cell tropisms and virulence. For example, in the U.S., strains have been described that infect ruminants but not dogs or rodents. An intriguing question is how the strains of A. phagocytophilum differ and what different genome loci are involved in cell tropisms and/or virulence. Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are responsible for translocation of substrates across the cell membrane by mechanisms that require contact with the recipient cell. They are especially important in organisms such as the Rickettsiales which require T4SS to aid colonization and survival within both mammalian and tick vector cells. We determined the structure of the T4SS in 7 strains from the U.S. and Europe and revised the sequence of the repetitive virB6 locus of the human HZ strain.
resultsAlthough in all strains the T4SS conforms to the previously described split loci for vir genes, there is great diversity within these loci among strains. This is particularly evident in the virB2 and virB6 which are postulated to encode the secretion channel and proteins exposed on the bacterial surface. VirB6-4 has an unusual highly repetitive structure and can have a molecular weight greater than 500,000. For many of the virs, phylogenetic trees position A. phagocytophilum strains infecting ruminants in the U.S. and Europe distant from strains infecting humans and dogs in the U.S.
conclusionsOur study reveals evidence of gene duplication and considerable diversity of T4SS components in strains infecting different animals. The diversity in virB2 is in both the total number of copies, which varied from 8 to 15 in the herein characterized strains, and in the sequence of each copy. The diversity in virB6 is in the sequence of each of the 4 copies in the single locus and the presence of varying numbers of repetitive units in virB6-3 and virB6-4. These data suggest that the T4SS should be investigated further for a potential role in strain virulence of A. phagocytophilum.
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