ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2013
Predictive accuracy of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study index for mortality with HIV infection: a North American cross cohort analysis.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed.
- Failure of Digital Device Performance in Monitoring Physical Exercise in a Pilot Study in Sedentary Persons with HIV.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Trial
- HIV clinic-based extended-release naltrexone versus treatment as usual for people with HIV and opioid use disorder: a non-blinded, randomized non-inferiority trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of Extended-Release Naltrexone on HIV-Related and Drinking Outcomes Among HIV-Positive Patients: A Randomized-Controlled Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2019Trial
- Trial
- A joint frailty model provides for risk stratification of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients based on unobserved heterogeneity.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2018Trial
- HIV Salvage Therapy Does Not Require Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.Annals of internal medicine · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- CMV IgG and EBV Cell-Associated DNA Independently Associate With Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 Scores in People With HIV on ART.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Polypharmacy in HIV: Rethinking what counts and why it matters.HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of a CMO-Based Pharmaceutical Care Model on 3-HIT Criteria in Older People Living with HIV: The DIS3HIT Project.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation, and Risk of Diabetes in Veterans With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Depression Improves the Predictive Accuracy of the VACS Index 2.0 for All-Cause Mortality Among Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Frailty, Pitavastatin, and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among People With HIV.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Comparison of 2 electronic health record data extraction methods for laboratory tests used in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- Brief Report: Preadmission VACS Index as a Predictor of Hospital Acute Kidney Injury in People With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Observational
- Examining the Heterogeneity of Exercise Response Among Sedentary Older Adults: A Descriptive Analysis.Journal of aging research · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a mortality risk prediction index score for adults living with HIV and multiple chronic comorbidities.International journal of population data science · 2025Article
- Assessing intrinsic capacity for person-centred HIV care: a cross-sectional study in ageing populations in Malaysia and Hong Kong.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Epigenome-Wide and Methylation Risk Score Analysis of Body Mass Index Among People with HIV.Epigenomes · 2024Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBy supplementing an index composed of HIV biomarkers and age (restricted index) with measures of organ injury, the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index more completely reflects risk of mortality. We compare the accuracy of the VACS and restricted indices (1) among subjects outside the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, (2) more than 1-5 years of prior exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and (3) within important patient subgroups.
methodsWe used data from 13 cohorts in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration (n = 10, 835) limiting analyses to HIV-infected subjects with at least 12 months exposure to ART. Variables included demographic, laboratory (CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA, hemoglobin, platelets, aspartate and alanine transaminase, creatinine, and hepatitis C status), and survival. We used C-statistics and net reclassification improvement (NRI) to test discrimination varying prior ART exposure from 1 to 5 years. We then combined Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (n = 5066) and North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration data, fit a parametric survival model, and compared predicted to observed mortality by cohort, gender, age, race, and HIV-1 RNA level.
resultsMean follow-up was 3.3 years (655 deaths). Compared with the restricted index, the VACS index showed greater discrimination (C-statistics: 0.77 vs. 0.74; NRI: 12%; P < 0.0001). NRI was highest among those with HIV-1 RNA <500 copies per milliliter (25%) and age ≥50 years (20%). Predictions were similar to observed mortality among all subgroups.
conclusionsVACS index scores discriminate risk and translate into accurate mortality estimates over 1-5 years of exposure to ART and for diverse patient subgroups from North American.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.