ArticleDevelopment genes and evolution2013
RNA interference can be used to disrupt gene function in tardigrades.
Article in Development genes and evolution, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- At the Edge of Survival: Exploring the Frontiers of Tardigrade Extreme Stress Tolerance.Molecular ecology · 2026Review
- Lineage-specific expansions of the Dicer gene family in tardigrades.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Single-Animal, Single-Tube RNA Extraction for Comparison of Relative Transcript Levels via qRT-PCR in the Tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2025Article
- Single-animal, single-tube RNA extraction for comparison of relative transcript levels via qRT-PCR in the tardigradebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Transcriptome analysis of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris exposed to the DNA-damaging agent bleomycin.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2024Article
- Sexual dimorphism in the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus transcriptome.Zoological letters · 2024Article
- Single-step generation of homozygous knockout/knock-in individuals in an extremotolerant parthenogenetic tardigrade using DIPA-CRISPR.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris dramatically upregulates DNA repair pathway genes in response to ionizing radiation.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Storage cell proliferation during somatic growth establishes that tardigrades are not eutelic organisms.Biology open · 2024Article
- Considerations on the TardiVec-based analyses of tissue specificity and desiccation-induced supramolecular structure of target proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Dual Functions of labial Resolve the Hox Logic of Chelicerate Head Segments.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- In vivo expression vector derived from anhydrobiotic tardigrade genome enables live imaging in Eutardigrada.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Deciphering the Biological Enigma-Genomic Evolution Underlying Anhydrobiosis in the Phylum Tardigrada and the ChironomidInsects · 2022Review
- Production of reactive oxygen species and involvement of bioprotectants during anhydrobiosis in the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus spatialis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Review
- Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Review
- Comparison of the transcriptomes of two tardigrades with different hatching coordination.BMC developmental biology · 2019Article
- Microinjection of dsRNA in Tardigrades.Cold Spring Harbor protocols · 2018Article
- Article
- Comparative genomics of the tardigrades Hypsibius dujardini and Ramazzottius varieornatus.PLoS biology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
How morphological diversity arises is a key question in evolutionary developmental biology. As a long-term approach to address this question, we are developing the water bear Hypsibius dujardini (Phylum Tardigrada) as a model system. We expect that using a close relative of two well-studied models, Drosophila (Phylum Arthropoda) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Phylum Nematoda), will facilitate identifying genetic pathways relevant to understanding the evolution of development. Tardigrades are also valuable research subjects for investigating how organisms and biological materials can survive extreme conditions. Methods to disrupt gene activity are essential to each of these efforts, but no such method yet exists for the Phylum Tardigrada. We developed a protocol to disrupt tardigrade gene functions by double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference (RNAi). We showed that targeting tardigrade homologs of essential developmental genes by RNAi produced embryonic lethality, whereas targeting green fluorescent protein did not. Disruption of gene functions appears to be relatively specific by two criteria: targeting distinct genes resulted in distinct phenotypes that were consistent with predicted gene functions and by RT-PCR, RNAi reduced the level of a target mRNA and not a control mRNA. These studies represent the first evidence that gene functions can be disrupted by RNAi in the phylum Tardigrada. Our results form a platform for dissecting tardigrade gene functions for understanding the evolution of developmental mechanisms and survival in extreme environments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.