ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Carbon source-dependent expansion of the genetic code in bacteria.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Suppression of amber stop codons impairs pathogenicity in Salmonella.FEBS letters · 2025Article
- Engineering Pyrrolysine Systems for Genetic Code Expansion and Reprogramming.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- The microbial biodiversity at the archeological site of Tel Megiddo (Israel).Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Bacteria and Archaea Synergistically Convert Glycine Betaine to Biogenic Methane in the Formosa Cold Seep of the South China Sea.mSystems · 2021Article
- Transfer RNAs: diversity in form and function.RNA biology · 2021Review
- The Boggarts of biology: how non-genetic changes influence the genotype.Current genetics · 2021Review
- An Ecological Basis for Dual Genetic Code Expansion in Marine Deltaproteobacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Programmed Deviations of Ribosomes From Standard Decoding in Archaea.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
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- Engineering aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for use in synthetic biology.The Enzymes · 2020Article
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- Deltaproteobacteria (Pelobacter) and Methanococcoides are responsible for choline-dependent methanogenesis in a coastal saltmarsh sediment.The ISME journal · 2019Article
- Synthetic genome recoding: new genetic codes for new features.Current genetics · 2018Review
- Beyond the Limits: tRNA Array Units inFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Article
- Efforts and Challenges in Engineering the Genetic Code.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Horizontal gene transfer drives the evolution of Rh50 permeases in prokaryotes.BMC evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- Novel Ciliate Genetic Code Variants Including the Reassignment of All Three Stop Codons to Sense Codons in Condylostoma magnum.Molecular biology and evolution · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the fact that the genetic code is known to vary between organisms in rare cases, it is believed that in the lifetime of a single cell the code is stable. We found Acetohalobium arabaticum cells grown on pyruvate genetically encode 20 amino acids, but in the presence of trimethylamine (TMA), A. arabaticum dynamically expands its genetic code to 21 amino acids including pyrrolysine (Pyl). A. arabaticum is the only known organism that modulates the size of its genetic code in response to its environment and energy source. The gene cassette pylTSBCD, required to biosynthesize and genetically encode UAG codons as Pyl, is present in the genomes of 24 anaerobic archaea and bacteria. Unlike archaeal Pyl-decoding organisms that constitutively encode Pyl, we observed that A. arabaticum controls Pyl encoding by down-regulating transcription of the entire Pyl operon under growth conditions lacking TMA, to the point where no detectable Pyl-tRNA(Pyl) is made in vivo. Pyl-decoding archaea adapted to an expanded genetic code by minimizing TAG codon frequency to typically ~5% of ORFs, whereas Pyl-decoding bacteria (~20% of ORFs contain in-frame TAGs) regulate Pyl-tRNA(Pyl) formation and translation of UAG by transcriptional deactivation of genes in the Pyl operon. We further demonstrate that Pyl encoding occurs in a bacterium that naturally encodes the Pyl operon, and identified Pyl residues by mass spectrometry in A. arabaticum proteins including two methylamine methyltransferases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.