ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2013
Gonadal steroids and humoral immunity.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The effect of statins on testosterone in men and women, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Sex differences in cancer incidence among people with HIV infection in the United States.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Menopause and gastrointestinal health and disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis is not increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome after adjustment for family predisposition.Endocrine · 2025Article
- The toll like receptor 7 pathway and the sex bias of systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Torque teno virus: a potential marker of immune reconstitution in youths with vertically acquired HIV.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- The Impact of Microbiota-Immunity-Hormone Interactions on Autoimmune Diseases and Infection.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Activation of GPER1 in macrophages ameliorates UUO-induced renal fibrosis.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Role of Sex Hormones in Prevalent Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Abcc8 (sulfonylurea receptor-1) knockout mice exhibit reduced axonal injury, cytotoxic edema and cognitive dysfunction vs. wild-type in a cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Characteristics of steroid hormones in systemic lupus erythematosus revealed by GC/MS-based metabolic profiling.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Autoimmunity associates with severity of illness in elderly patients with drug-induced liver injury.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Sex and Gender Differences in Bacterial Infections.Infection and immunity · 2022Review
- Article
- The immune response to COVID-19: Does sex matter?Immunology · 2022Review
- Deficiency of mature B cells does not alter the atherogenic response to castration in male mice.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Role of hormones in the pregnancy and sex-specific outcomes to infections with respiratory viruses.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Assessing sex differential in COVID-19 mortality rate by age and polymerase chain reaction test results: an Iranian multi-center study.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2022Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are sexually dimorphic. Female individuals generally exhibit more-robust antibody responses to vaccines and, in the clinical setting as well as in experimental models, are more likely than male individuals to produce autoreactive antibodies of pathogenic potential. A number of differences between the sexes might account for these observations, including differences in the dosage of specific X-chromosome and Y-chromosomal genes, increased exposure of female individuals to antigenic stimulation in childbearing, and differences in circulating concentrations of gonadal steroid hormones. The role of gonadal steroids in modulating such humoral immune responses has been studied for nearly a century, but advances in our knowledge of B-lymphocyte development and function, the mechanisms of immune tolerance, and the molecular basis of gonadal steroid hormone action are now yielding new understanding of the influence of gonadal steroid hormones on the humoral immune system. This Review examines how oestrogens and androgens modulate B-lymphocyte development and function, focusing on the areas of B-cell production in the bone marrow, the maintenance of immune tolerance for self antigens, and the processes of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination during maturation of cells involved in humoral immune responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.