ArticleAnnals of nutrition & metabolism2012
A brief history of choline.
Article in Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02886130 (Effects of Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine on Physical and Cognitive Performances in Varsity Volleyball Players), which is not on this map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine on Physical and Cognitive Performances in Varsity Volleyball Players
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effect of Choline and Resistance Training on Strength and Lean Mass in Older Adults.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Eggs Improve Plasma Biomarkers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Following a Plant-Based Diet-A Randomized Crossover Study.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Microbial Transplantation With Human Gut Commensals Containing CutC Is Sufficient to Transmit Enhanced Platelet Reactivity and Thrombosis Potential.Circulation research · 2018Trial
- The effect of 6 days of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on isometric strength.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2015Trial
- Choline, a nexus for neurocognitive nutrients: A narrative review.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Dietary intake and food sources of choline in Koreans: findings from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey 2018-2022.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- The role of choline in neurodevelopment.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- The short (and messy) life of the protagon theory of anaesthesia.History and philosophy of the life sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Let-7f-5p Inhibits PRRSV Replication by Regulating Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in Infected Cells.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Fatty liver reexamined choline and mitochondrial toxin amelioration.World journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- The association of dietary choline intakes with cognitive function among the older people in underdeveloped regions: findings from the NCDFaC study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Metabolic modeling reveals a multi-level deregulation of host-microbiome metabolic networks in IBD.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Bacterial microcompartments and energy metabolism drive gut colonization by Bilophila wadsworthia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cellular and organismal function of choline metabolism.Nature metabolism · 2025Review
- Bioactive Ion-Confined Ultracapacitive Memristors with Neuromorphic Functions.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2024Article
- The Importance of Gut Microbiota on Choline Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Biomolecules · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 1850, Theodore Gobley, working in Paris, described a substance, 'lecithine', which he named after the Greek 'lekithos' for egg yolk. Adolph Strecker noted in 1862 that when lecithin from bile was heated, it generated a new nitrogenous chemical that he named 'choline'. Three years later, Oscar Liebreich identified a new substance, 'neurine', in the brain. After a period of confusion, neurine and choline were found to be the same molecule, and the name choline was adapted. Lecithin was eventually characterized chemically as being phosphatidylcholine. In 1954, Eugene Kennedy described the cytidine 5-dihphosphocholine pathway by which choline is incorporated into phosphatidylcholine. A second route, the phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase pathway, was identified by Jon Bremer and David Greenberg in 1960. The role of choline as part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine was established by Otto Loewi and Henry Dale. Working in the 1930s at the University of Toronto, Charles Best showed that choline prevented fatty liver in dogs and rats. The importance of choline as an essential nutrient for human health was determined in the 1990s through controlled feeding studies in humans. Recently, an understanding of the role of genetic variation in setting the dietary requirement for choline in people is being unraveled.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.