Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23182922›Full record

ArticleBiomaterials2013

In vitro growth factor-induced bio engineering of mature articular cartilage.

Ilyas M Khan, Lewis Francis, Peter S Theobald, Stefano Perni, Robert D Young, Polina Prokopovich, R Steven Conlan, Charles W Archer

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomaterials, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Enhancing the maturity ofRegenerative biomaterials · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Ilyas M KhanDivision of Pathophysiology and Repair, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. i.m.khan@swansea.ac.uk
Lewis Francis
Peter S Theobald
Stefano Perni
Robert D Young
Polina Prokopovich
R Steven Conlan
Charles W Archer
Cardiff University · GBSwansea University · GBUniversity of Birmingham · GB

Funding

Arthritis Research UK 18461Arthritis Research UK 18871
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Articular cartilage maturation is the postnatal development process that adapts joint surfaces to their site-specific biomechanical demands. Maturation involves gross morphological changes that occur through a process of synchronised growth and resorption of cartilage and generally ends at sexual maturity. The inability to induce maturation in biomaterial constructs designed for cartilage repair has been cited as a major cause for their failure in producing persistent cell-based repair of joint lesions. The combination of growth factors FGF2 and TGFβ1 induces accelerated articular cartilage maturation in vitro such that many molecular and morphological characteristics of tissue maturation are observable. We hypothesised that experimental growth factor-induced maturation of immature cartilage would result in a biophysical and biochemical composition consistent with a mature phenotype. Using native immature and mature cartilage as reference, we observed that growth factor-treated immature cartilages displayed increased nano-compressive stiffness, decreased surface adhesion, decreased water content, increased collagen content and smoother surfaces, correlating with a convergence to the mature cartilage phenotype. Furthermore, increased gene expression of surface structural protein collagen type I in growth factor-treated explants compared to reference cartilages demonstrates that they are still in the dynamic phase of the postnatal developmental transition. These data provide a basis for understanding the regulation of postnatal maturation of articular cartilage and the application of growth factor-induced maturation in vitro and in vivo in order to repair and regenerate cartilage defects.

Indexed as

AnimalsCartilage, ArticularCattleFibroblast Growth Factor 2MaleOrgan Culture TechniquesTissue EngineeringTransforming Growth Factor beta2Fibroblast Growth Factor 2Transforming Growth Factor beta2

Identifiers

PMID23182922
PMCPMC3543901
OpenAlexW2009259959

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.