Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23181987›Full record

ReviewCancer science2013

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy for bladder cancer: current understanding and perspectives on engineered BCG vaccine.

Koji Kawai, Jun Miyazaki, Akira Joraku, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Hideyuki Akaza

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
13.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Review
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  7. STING Agonists and How to Reach Their Full Potential in Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
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24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Koji KawaiDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan. rkawa@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
Jun Miyazaki
Akira Joraku
Hiroyuki Nishiyama
Hideyuki Akaza
University of Tsukuba · JPThe University of Tokyo · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the first report in 1976, accumulated clinical evidence has supported intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy as one of the standard methods of management of intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Despite its efficacy, intravesical BCG therapy is associated with a variety of adverse events (AEs), most of which are tolerable or controllable with supportive care. However, some patients receiving intravesical BCG therapy may experience uncommon but severe AEs, leading to cessation of BCG therapy. Not all, but most severe AEs result from either local or systemic infection with live BCG. Intravesical instillation of BCG elicits multiple immune reactions, although the precise immunological mechanism of BCG therapy is not clear. It is convenient to separate the complex reactions into the following three categories: infection of urothelial cells or bladder cancer cells, induction of immune reactions, and induction of antitumor effects. Recently, our knowledge about each category has increased. Based on this understanding, predictors of the efficacy of intravesical BCG therapy, such as urinary cytokine measurement and cytokine gene polymorphism, have been investigated. Recently, preclinical studies using a novel engineered mycobacterium vaccine have been conducted to overcome the limitations of BCG therapy. One approach is Th1 cytokine-expressing recombinant forms of BCG; another approach is development of non-live bacterial agents to avoid AEs due to live BCG infection. We also briefly describe our approach using an octaarginine-modified liposome-incorporating BCG cell wall component to develop future substitutes for live BCG.

Indexed as

ImmunotherapyAdministration, IntravesicalBCG VaccineHumansLiposomesMycobacterium bovisUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsUrotheliumVaccines, SyntheticBCG VaccineLiposomesVaccines, Synthetic

Identifiers

PMID23181987
PMCPMC7657210
OpenAlexW2022980605

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.