ArticleHistochemistry and cell biology2013
Placental hCG immunohistochemistry and serum free-Beta-hCG at 11-13 weeks' gestation in intrauterine fetal demise.
Article in Histochemistry and cell biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unrecognised Second-Trimester Pregnancy With Fetal Demise Presenting as Acute Abdomen and a Negative Pregnancy Test.Cureus · 2025Article
- Syncytiotrophoblast Markers Are Downregulated in Placentas from Idiopathic Stillbirths.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Is Glycated Hemoglobin A1c Level Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes of Women Affected by Pre-Gestational Diabetes?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Observational
- The Histochem Cell Biol conspectus: the year 2013 in review.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2014Review
- The Histochemistry and Cell Biology compendium: a review of 2012.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2013Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) is a continuing problem that can result in severe psychosocial trauma for expecting parents. Our aim was to analyze placental human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) expression at the third trimester and free-Beta-hCG levels measured at 11-13 weeks in cases of IUFD that occurred after 34 weeks' gestation, alongside a parallel analysis of a set of controls. In this retrospective study we present immunohistochemical data of a tissue microarray that included the following: 12 placentas where IUFD occurred (24 samples); 28 control placentas from first and early second trimester (56 samples); and 30 control placentas at term of pregnancy (60 samples). We used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of hCG. Data are also presented from 3,240 first trimester trisomies screening tests, of which 21 pregnancies resulted in IUFD (15 after 22 weeks' gestation and 6 after 34 weeks). All pregnancies took place between 2001 and 2010. For each case, our analysis took account of pregnancy-related data that we gathered from the relevant clinical files. Small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as neonatal weight <10th centile. Our results show that full-term placentas displayed a decreased immunohistochemical expression of hCG in comparison with those at the first trimester (p < 0.05). Moreover, low hCG expression in placentas at the third trimester was shown to be an independent risk factor for IUFD after 34 weeks' gestation (under multivariate analysis with p < 0.05). When we reviewed first trimester screening results, free-Beta-HCG was found to be lower for the group of IUFD after 34 weeks' gestation than in the group of live births (p < 0.05). This difference was heavily weighted by non small for gestational age (non-SGA) associated cases of IUFD: these presented a free-Beta-hCG MoM log of -0.27 (± 0.09) in contrast to just -0.01 (± 0.03) in SGA-associated IUFD (p < 0.05). Our results show that low hCG is an independent risk factor for IUFD after 34 weeks' gestation, and that levels of the hormone are significantly lower in non-SGA associated cases of IUFD.
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