SynthesisLung2013
Meta-analysis: the association between HIV infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Synthesis in Lung, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden of mortality and its predictors among TB-HIV co-infected patients in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2016Pooled it
- Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal tuberculosis: A systematic review of epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology AssociationPooled it
- Effects of early versus delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment on clinical outcomes of HIV-1 infection: results from the phase 3 HPTN 052 randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Peritoneal and nodal abdominal tuberculosis presenting as intestinal obstruction mimicking malignancy: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypo-inflammation Drives Mortality in HIV-Associated Tuberculous Meningitis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral treatment does not prevent extrapulmonary tuberculosis during SIV/Mtb coinfection in macaques.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The utility of urine lipoarabinomannan as a tuberculosis treatment monitoring tool in people living with HIV.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Blood RNA biomarkers and C-reactive protein for triage of adult patients with tuberculosis lymphadenitis and pericarditis in South Africa: a single-centre, prospective, observational, diagnostic accuracy study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Observational
- Article
- Epidemiology of tuberculosis and HIV coinfection among inpatients in chengdu, china, 2018-2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Scrofuloderma, an Old Acquaintance: A Case Report and Literature Review.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Influence of HIV co-infection on clinical presentation and disease outcome in hospitalized adults with tuberculous meningitis in Brazil: a nationwide observational study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Disseminated Pyrazinamide-Resistant Mycobacterium Bovis in an AIDS Patient: The Role of Molecular Diagnosis and Optimized Therapy.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Single Cell Analysis of Peripheral TB-Associated Granulomatous Lymphadenitis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Africa: Molecular analysis of clinical specimens of suspected cases in Northern Ghana.Public health challenges · 2024Article
- Determinants of tuberculosis disease development in children in central Ethiopia: A matched case-control study.PloS one · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExtrapulmonary tuberculosis has been an AIDS-defining condition. Individual studies that highlight the association between HIV and extrapulmonary TB are available. Our objectives were to synthesis evidence on the association between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and HIV and to explore the effective preventive measures of these two diseases.
methodsThis is a meta-analysis of observational studies reporting effect estimates on how HIV is associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We searched for the eligible studies in the electronic databases using search terms related to HIV and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Where possible, we estimated the summary odds ratios using random effects meta-analysis. We stratified analysis by the type of study design. We assessed heterogeneity of effect estimates within each group of studies was assessed using I (2) test.
resultsNineteen studies (7 case control studies and 12 cohort studies) were identified for the present study. The pooled analysis shows a significant association between HIV and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (summary odds ratio: 1.3; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.6; I (2): 0 %). In a subgroup analysis with two studies, a significant association was found between CD4+ count less than 100 and the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (summary OR: 1.31; 95 % CI 1.02-1.68; I (2): 0 %).
conclusionsFindings show evidence on the association between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and HIV, based on case control studies. Further studies to understand the mechanisms of interaction of the two pathogens are recommended.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.