ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2013
Pocketed microneedles for rapid delivery of a liquid-state botulinum toxin A formulation into human skin.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microneedle for Botulinum Toxin: A Randomized, Case-control, Single-blind Study to Assess Clinical Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Primary hyperhidrosis: an updated review.Drugs in context · 2025Review
- Transdermal delivery of botulinum toxin-A through phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol nanoliposomes for treatment of post-acne scarring.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2024Article
- Design and fabrication of customizable microneedles enabled by 3D printing for biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Experimental and computational analysis of the injection-induced mechanical changes in the skin microenvironment during subcutaneous injection of biologics.Extreme Mechanics Letters · 2023Article
- Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Successful Topical Application of Botulinum Toxin After Microneedling Versus Microneedling Alone for the Treatment of Atrophic Post Acne Scars: A Prospective, Split-face, Controlled Study.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2022Article
- Advances in microneedle-based transdermal delivery for drugs and peptides.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Review
- The Rise of Polymeric Microneedles: Recent Developments, Advances, Challenges, and Applications with Regard to Transdermal Drug Delivery.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2022Review
- Microneedle-mediated drug delivery for cutaneous diseases.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Translation of Polymeric Microneedles for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Trends, Progress, and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Microneedle Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Protein, Peptide and Antibody Based Therapeutics: Current Status and Future Considerations.Pharmaceutical research · 2020Review
- In Situ Gel Formation in Microporated Skin for Enhanced Topical Delivery of Niacinamide.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Maximizing botulinum toxin injections for cosmetic and therapeutic applications with a single use, disposable, exact dose injection assist device.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2019Article
- An update on coating/manufacturing techniques of microneedles.Drug delivery and translational research · 2018Review
- Review
- Microneedle patches for vaccination in developing countries.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2016Review
- Microfabrication for Drug Delivery.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Botulinum toxin: An effective treatment for prosthesis-related hyperhidrosis in patients with traumatic amputations.Indian dermatology online journalReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum toxin A (BT) is used therapeutically for the treatment of primary focal hyperhidrosis, a chronic debilitating condition characterised by over-activity of the eccrine sweat glands. Systemic toxicity concerns require BT to be administered by local injection, which in the case of hyperhidrosis means multiple painful intradermal injections by a skilled clinician at 6-monthly intervals. This study investigates the potential of a liquid-loaded pocketed microneedle device to deliver botulinum toxin A into the human dermis with the aim of reducing patient pain, improving therapeutic targeting and simplifying the administration procedure. Initially, β-galactosidase was employed as a detectable model for BT to (i) visualise liquid loading of the microneedles, (ii) determine residence time of a liquid formulation on the device and (iii) quantify loaded doses. An array of five stainless steel pocketed microneedles was shown to possess sufficient capacity to deliver therapeutic doses of the potent BT protein. Microneedle-mediated intradermal delivery of β-galactosidase and formaldehyde-inactivated botulinum toxoid revealed effective deposition and subsequent diffusion within the dermis. This study is the first to characterise pocketed microneedle delivery of a liquid formulation into human skin and illustrates the potential of such systems for the cutaneous administration of potent proteins such as BT. A clinically appropriate microneedle delivery system for BT could have a significant impact in both the medical and cosmetic industries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.