ReviewPediatric clinics of North America2013
Human milk for the premature infant.
Review in Pediatric clinics of North America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 162 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antenatal Breastmilk Expression From Week 34 of Gestation Safety in Pregnancy and Benefits for the Newborn Infant: A Pilot Randomized Study
Description and Comparison of Biological Vulnerability in Small Vulnerable Newborns Versus Healthy Community Controls in Urban Burkina Faso (DenBalo): Gut Microbiota, Immune System, and Breastmilk Assembly and Development in the First Days and Weeks of Life
Effect of Enteral Olive Oil Supplement On Weight Gain, Length of Hospital Stay, And Development of Some Complications in Very Low Birth-Weight Infants: A Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 403 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies to reduce CMV infectivity in breastmilk to preterm babies - impact on transmission, nutrients, and bioactivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Pooled it
- The role of bovine colostrum in feeding intolerance in preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Factors associated with informal human milk sharing among donors and recipients: A mixed-methods systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Formula versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Donor Human Milk Protects against Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Probiotics Prevent Late-Onset Sepsis in Human Milk-Fed, Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Individualized Target Fortification of Breast Milk with Protein, Carbohydrates, and Fat for Preterm Infants: Effect on Neurodevelopment.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- The effect of orally consumed Lactuca sativa syrup on human milk volume and weight gain in the preterm infant: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Effect of lullaby on volume, fat, total protein and albumin concentration of breast milk in premature infants' mothers admitted to NICU: a randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Trial
- DHA Supplementation Attenuates Inflammation-Associated Gene Expression in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Mothers Who Deliver Preterm.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Nordic study on human milk fortification in extremely preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial-the N-forte trial.BMJ open · 2021Trial
- Improved brain growth and microstructural development in breast milk-fed very low birth weight premature infants.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2020Trial
- Financial Support to Medicaid-Eligible Mothers Increases Caregiving for Preterm Infants.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Trial
- Oropharyngeal Colostrum Positively Modulates the Inflammatory Response in Preterm Neonates.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Testing the feasibility and safety of feeding preterm infants fresh mother's own milk in the NICU: A pilot study.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Trial
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Premature infants are at risk for growth failure, developmental delays, necrotizing enterocolitis, and late-onset sepsis. Human milk from women delivering prematurely has more protein and higher levels of bioactive molecules. Human milk must be fortified for premature infants to achieve adequate growth. Mother's own milk improves growth and neurodevelopment, decreases the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis, and should be the primary enteral diet for premature infants. Donor milk is a resource for premature infants whose mothers are unable to provide an adequate supply of milk. Challenges include the need for pasteurization, nutritional and biochemical deficiencies, and limited supply.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.