ArticleOphthalmology2013
A longitudinal analysis of risk factors associated with central retinal vein occlusion.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is there an association between retinal vein occlusion and cerebrovascular accident? A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism, and risk of retinal vein occlusion: an updated meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2014Pooled it
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Retinal vein occlusion and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2017Trial
- Optic Nerve Head Cotton Wool Spots Mimicking Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.Cureus · 2026Article
- Demography, clinical profile and risk of retinal vein occlusion among patients with age-related macular degeneration - a tertiary hospital based study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index as a potential biomarker for predicting retinal vein occlusion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sequential Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion With Differential Long-Term Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery.Cureus · 2025Article
- Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Key Contributors to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in an Elderly Patient.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- A Comparison of All-Cause Mortality in Patients Who Required Glaucoma Surgery for Neovascular Glaucoma or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Link Between Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, and Eye Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Prediction of treatment outcome for branch retinal vein occlusion using convolutional neural network-based retinal fluorescein angiography.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Proteome Analysis of Bevacizumab Intervention in Experimental Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- An artificial intelligence system for the whole process from diagnosis to treatment suggestion of ischemic retinal diseases.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Association between retinal vein occlusion and early-stage hypertension: A propensity score analysis using a large claims database.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Racial differences in quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography findings between older non-diabetics with co-morbidities.PloS one · 2023Article
- Comparison of Each Retinal Layer Thicknesses between Eyes with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Normal Contralateral Eyes.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2022Article
- Novel Association between Opioid Use and Increased Risk of Retinal Vein Occlusion Using the National Institutes of HealthOphthalmology science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo identify risk factors associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) among a diverse group of patients throughout the United States.
designLongitudinal cohort study.
participantsAll beneficiaries aged ≥ 55 years who were continuously enrolled in a managed care network for at least 2 years and who had ≥ 2 visits to an eye care provider from 2001 to 2009.
methodsInsurance billing codes were used to identify individuals with a newly diagnosed CRVO. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to determine the factors associated with CRVO development.
main outcome measuresAdjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of being diagnosed with CRVO.
resultsOf the 494 165 enrollees who met the study inclusion criteria, 1302 (0.26%) were diagnosed with CRVO over 5.4 (± 1.8) years. After adjustment for known confounders, blacks had a 58% increased risk of CRVO compared with whites (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25-1.99), and women had a 25% decreased risk of CRVO compared with men (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66-0.85). A diagnosis of stroke increased the hazard of CRVO by 44% (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.23-1.68), and hypercoagulable state was associated with a 145% increased CRVO risk (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.40-4.28). Individuals with end-organ damage from hypertension (HTN) or diabetes mellitus (DM) had a 92% (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.52-2.42) and 53% (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.28-1.84) increased risk of CRVO, respectively, relative to those without these conditions.
conclusionsThis study confirms that HTN and vascular diseases are important risk factors for CRVO. We also identify black race as being associated with CRVO, which was not well appreciated previously. Furthermore, we show that compared with patients without DM, individuals with end-organ damage from DM have a heightened risk of CRVO, whereas those with uncomplicated DM are not at increased risk of CRVO. This finding may provide a potential explanation for the conflicting reports in the literature on the association between CRVO and DM. Information from analyses such as this can be used to create a risk calculator to identify possible individuals at greatest risk for CRVO.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.