ArticleAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology2012
Dichlorophenol-containing pesticides and allergies: results from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006.
Article in Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergy in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- An All-in-One Sustainable Smartphone Paper Biosensor for Water Toxicity Monitoring Combining Bioluminescence Detection with Artificial Intelligence.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Review
- Redefining the Role of Nutrition in Infant Food Allergy Prevention: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The transcription factor Nrf2 links Th2-mediated experimental allergy to food preservatives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease.Allergy · 2022Review
- Current status of pesticide effects on environment, human health and it's eco-friendly management as bioremediation: A comprehensive review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Urinary 2,5-dicholorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentrations and prevalent disease among adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Occupational and environmental medicine · 2019Article
- Paraben exposures and asthma-related outcomes among children from the US general population.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Article
- Associations of prenatal environmental phenol and phthalate biomarkers with respiratory and allergic diseases among children aged 6 and 7 years.Environment international · 2018Article
- Concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2,5-Dichlorophenol in Urine of Korean Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Children's environmental chemical exposures in the USA, NHANES 2003-2012.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Allergic diseases among children: nutritional prevention and intervention.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2016Review
- Allergic diseases and risk of hematopoietic malignancies in a cohort of postmenopausal women: a report from the Iowa Women's Health Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2014Article
- Relationship between urine dichlorophenol levels and asthma morbidity.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2014Article
- Urinary concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol in the U.S. population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2010): trends and predictors.Environmental health perspectives · 2014Article
- A method to screen U.S. environmental biomonitoring data for race/ethnicity and income-related disparity.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiologic studies support the hypothesis that reduced microbial exposure in westernized societies promotes atopy. Dichlorophenols are widely used as pesticides and for chlorination of water. They have a strong bactericidal effect that could affect microflora in the environment. However, it is unknown whether their use is associated with a higher prevalence of allergies.
objectiveTo test the association between exposure to environmental pesticides represented by dichlorophenols and allergic sensitization measured by allergen-specific serum IgE levels in a US nationally representative sample of 2,211 persons 6 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006.
methodsExposure to dichlorophenols was defined as high if their levels in urine were present at the 75th percentile and above. Association of the high exposure to dichlorophenols with sensitization to food and environmental allergens was assessed in logistic regression models after adjustment for sample weights and potential confounders.
resultsSensitizations to 1 or more food allergens were more common in those with exposure to 2 dichlorophenol metabolites. After multivariable adjustment, urine dichlorophenol levels at the 75th percentile and above were associated with the presence of sensitization to foods (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.5; P = .003). No significant association was found between dichlorophenol exposure and sensitization to aeroallergens alone.
conclusionHigh urine levels of dichlorophenols are associated with the presence of sensitization to foods in a US population. Excessive use of dichlorophenols may contribute to the increasing incidence of food allergies in westernized societies.
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