ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2013
Pneumococcal capsular switching: a historical perspective.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 104 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Serotype distribution of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in children ≤5 years of age following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infant national immunization programs: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The direct and indirect effects of the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine on carriage rates in children aged younger than 5 years in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2020Pooled it
- Safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence following an investigational Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae triple-protein vaccine in a phase 1 randomized controlled study in healthy adults.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Trial
- Article
- Influenza A Virus Coinfection AltersbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Post-Vaccination Surveillance of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Ghana.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic and statistical models to characterizeMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Transcriptional regulation of the pneumococcal capsule can dictate serotype-specific infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genomic epidemiology ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Clinical Characteristics ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genomic analysis of theMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Discovery of glycerol phosphate and an immunogenic glycan motif in rhamnose-rich polysaccharides of Streptococcus uberis.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Large-scale global molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance determinants inMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Comparative Genotyping of Malaysian Clinical Isolates ofThe Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Article
- Evolving genomic landscape of pediatric pneumococcus in two Canadian urban centers following conjugate vaccination.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Development of the Pneumococcal Genome Library, a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme, and a taxonomic life identification number barcoding system to investigate and define pneumococcal population structure.Microbial genomics · 2024Article
- A narrative review of genomic characteristics, serotype, immunogenicity, and vaccine development ofClinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- Bacterial capsules: Occurrence, mechanism, and function.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Review
- Review
- Convergent impact of vaccination and antibiotic pressures on pneumococcal populations.Cell chemical biology · 2024Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChanges in serotype prevalence among pneumococcal populations result from both serotype replacement and serotype (capsular) switching. Temporal changes in serotype distributions are well documented, but the contribution of capsular switching to such changes is unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent vaccine-induced selective pressures drive capsular switching.
methodsSerotype and multilocus sequence typing data for 426 pneumococci dated from 1937 through 2007 were analyzed. Whole-genome sequence data for a subset of isolates were used to investigate capsular switching events.
resultsWe identified 36 independent capsular switch events, 18 of which were explored in detail with whole-genome sequence data. Recombination fragment lengths were estimated for 11 events and ranged from approximately 19.0 kb to ≥ 58.2 kb. Two events took place no later than 1960, and the imported DNA included the capsular locus and the nearby penicillin-binding protein genes pbp2x and pbp1a.
conclusionsCapsular switching has been a regular occurrence among pneumococcal populations throughout the past 7 decades. Recombination of large DNA fragments (>30 kb), sometimes including the capsular locus and penicillin-binding protein genes, predated both vaccine introduction and widespread antibiotic use. This type of recombination has likely been an intrinsic feature throughout the history of pneumococcal evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.