ArticleBMC infectious diseases2012
Environmental and demographic risk factors for campylobacteriosis: do various geographical scales tell the same story?
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatial and Temporal Patterns ofGeoHealth · 2026Article
- Antibiotic resistance profile of Campylobacter species recovered from some freshwater milieu in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic Determinants of Campylobacter spp. and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella spp. Infections in Ontario, Canada, 2015-2017: An Ecological Study.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Article
- Geospatial Analysis of Multilevel Socioenvironmental Factors Impacting the Campylobacter Burden among Infants in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A One Health Perspective.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Thermophilic Campylobacter - Neglected Foodborne Pathogens in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.Gastroenterology & hepatology (Bartlesville, Okla.) · 2017Article
- Area-level global and local clustering of human Salmonella Enteritidis infection rates in the city of Toronto, Canada, 2007-2009.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2015Review
- Using geovisual analytics in Google Earth to understand disease distribution: a case study of campylobacteriosis in the Czech Republic (2008-2012).International journal of health geographics · 2015Article
- The association between campylobacteriosis, agriculture and drinking water: a case-case study in a region of British Columbia, Canada, 2005-2009.Epidemiology and infection · 2014Article
- Disparities in Spatial Prevalence of Feline Retroviruses due to Data Aggregation: A Case of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem.Journal of veterinary medicine · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCampylobacter is a common cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis characterized by multiple environmental sources and transmission pathways. Ecological studies can be used to reveal important regional characteristics linked to campylobacteriosis risk, but their results can be influenced by the choice of geographical units of analysis. This study was undertaken to compare the associations between the incidence of campylobacteriosis in Quebec, Canada and various environmental characteristics using seven different sets of geographical units.
methodsFor each set of geographical unit, a conditional autoregressive model was used to model the incidence of reported cases of campylobacteriosis according to environmental (poultry density, ruminant density, slaughterhouse presence, temperature, and precipitation) and demographic (population density, level of education) characteristics. Models were compared in terms of number of significant predictors, differences in direction and magnitude of predictors, and fit of the models.
resultsIn general, the number of significant predictors was reduced as the aggregation level increased. More aggregated scales tend to show larger but less precise estimates for all variables, with the exception of slaughterhouse presence. Regional characteristics associated with an increased regional risk of campylobacteriosis, for at least some geographical units, were high ruminant density, high poultry density, high population density, and presence of a large poultry slaughterhouse, whereas a reduction in risk was associated with a lower percentage of people with diplomas, a lower level of precipitation, and warmer temperature. Two clusters of elevated residual risk were observed, with different location and size depending on the geographical unit used.
conclusionsOverall, our results suggest that the use of municipality or census consolidated subdivision were the most optimal scales for studying environmental determinants of campylobacteriosis at a regional level. This study highlights the need for careful selection and analysis of geographical units when using ecological study designs.
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