ArticleBMC medical genetics2012
PXR and CAR single nucleotide polymorphisms influence plasma efavirenz levels in South African HIV/AIDS patients.
Article in BMC medical genetics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Xenobiotic-sensing Receptors NR1I2 and NR1I3 on the Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Irinotecan in Colorectal Cancer Patients.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2016Trial
- Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Once-Daily Efavirenz (400 mg vs. 600 mg) in Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients: Results of the ENCORE1 Study.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2015Trial
- Secondary metabolism pathway polymorphisms and plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-infected adults with CYP2B6 slow metabolizer genotypes.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2014Trial
- Genetic Variation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pharmacogenomics of antibacterial and antiviral therapies: Clinical actionability, evidence gaps, and future directions.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacogenetic (PopPK-PGx) Model of Efavirenz in HIV-1-Infected Patients.Cureus · 2025Article
- ABCB1 Polymorphism in HIV-Infected Individuals Taking Antiretroviral Drugs.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Article
- Towards Evidence-Based Implementation of Pharmacogenomics in Southern Africa: Comorbidities and Polypharmacy Profiles across Diseases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Effect of polymorphisms in drug metabolism and transportation on plasma concentration of atorvastatin and its metabolites in patients with chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor genotype influence efavirenz plasma concentration and CYP2B6 enzyme activity.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Polymorphisms at CYP enzymes, NR1I2 and NR1I3 in association with virologic response to antiretroviral therapy in Brazilian HIV-positive individuals.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2022Article
- Warfarin Pharmacogenomics for Precision Medicine in Real-Life Clinical Practice in Southern Africa: Harnessing 73 Variants in 29 Pharmacogenes.Omics : a journal of integrative biology · 2022Article
- Effect of HIV, antiretrovirals, and genetics on methadone pharmacokinetics: Results from the methadone antiretroviral pharmacokinetics study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Rifampin Pharmacokinetics in Tuberculosis Patients.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Sequence Variations in pxr (nr1i2) From Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Strains Affect Nuclear Receptor Function.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2019Article
- Efavirenz and Efavirenz-like Compounds Activate Human, Murine, and Macaque Hepatic IRE1Molecular pharmacology · 2019Article
- Drug metabolism and transport gene polymorphisms and efavirenz adverse effects in Brazilian HIV-positive individuals.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- The Effect of Gene Variants on Levonorgestrel Pharmacokinetics When Combined With Antiretroviral Therapy Containing Efavirenz or Nevirapine.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2017Article
- Genetic Polymorphisms Affecting the Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Drugs.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2017Review
- Pharmacogenomic implications of the evolutionary history of infectious diseases in Africa.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated variation in NR1I2 and NR1I3 and its effect on plasma efavirenz levels in HIV/AIDS patients. Variability in plasma drug levels has largely led research on identifying causative variants in drug metabolising enzyme (DME) genes, with little focus on the nuclear receptor genes NR1I2 and NR1I3, coding for PXR and CAR, respectively, that are involved in regulating DMEs.
methods464 Bantu-speaking South Africans comprising of HIV/AIDS patients on efavirenz-based treatment (n=301) and 163 healthy subjects were genotyped for 6 SNPs in NR1I2 and NR1I3. 32 of the 301 patients had their DNA binding domains (DBDs) in NR1I2 and NR1I3 sequenced.
resultsSignificantly decreased efavirenz plasma concentrations were observed in patients carrying the NR1I3 rs3003596C/C and T/C genotypes (P=0.015 and P=0.010, respectively). Sequencing resulted in the discovery of a further 13 SNPs, 3 of which are novel variants in the DBD of NR1I2. There were significant differences in the distribution of NR1I2 and NR1I3 SNPs between South Africans when compared to Caucasian, Asian and Yoruba population groups.
conclusionFor the realisation of personalised medicine, PXR and CAR genetic variation should be taken into consideration because of their involvement in the regulation of DMEs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.