ArticleDevelopmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists2013
Early development of the thymus in Xenopus laevis.
Article in Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Timing of Microbial Exposure on Microbiome Assembly and Amphibian Immune Development.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Generation and repair of thymic epithelial cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- The amphibian immune system.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- A new transgenic reporter line reveals Wnt-dependent Snai2 re-expression and cranial neural crest differentiation in Xenopus.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- A novel function for Egr4 in posterior hindbrain development.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Microbiota and mucosal immunity in amphibians.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Evolutionary and developmental origins of the cardiac neural crest: building a divided outflow tract.Birth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews · 2014Review
- The lamprey: a jawless vertebrate model system for examining origin of the neural crest and other vertebrate traits.Differentiation; research in biological diversityArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough Xenopus laevis has been a model of choice for comparative and developmental studies of the immune system, little is known about organogenesis of the thymus, a primary lymphoid organ in vertebrates. Here we examined the expression of three transcription factors that have been functionally associated with pharyngeal gland development, gcm2, hoxa3, and foxn1, and evaluated the neural crest contribution to thymus development.
resultsIn most species Hoxa3 is expressed in the third pharyngeal pouch endoderm where it directs thymus formation. In Xenopus, the thymus primordium is derived from the second pharyngeal pouch endoderm, which is hoxa3-negative, suggesting that a different mechanism regulates thymus formation in frogs. Unlike other species foxn1 is not detected in the epithelium of the pharyngeal pouch in Xenopus, rather, its expression is initiated as thymic epithelial cell starts to differentiate and express MHC class II molecules. Using transplantation experiments we show that while neural crest cells populate the thymus primordia, they are not required for the specification and initial development of this organ or for T-cell differentiation in frogs.
conclusionsThese studies provide novel information on early thymus development in Xenopus, and highlight a number of features that distinguish Xenopus from other organisms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.