ArticlePloS one2012
Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Southern India: a latent class analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review.BMC veterinary research · 2022Pooled it
- Correction: Serodiagnosis of Tuberculosis in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in Southern India: A Latent Class Analysis.PloS one · 2023Article
- Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Monitoring IgG against Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins in an Asian elephant cured of tuberculosis that developed from long-term latency.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Tuberculosis seroprevalence and comparison of hematology and biochemistry parameters between seropositive and seronegative captive Asian elephants of Nepal.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Demographic Risk Factors ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Serum Health Biomarkers in African and Asian Elephants: Value Ranges and Clinical Values Indicative of the Immune Response.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Estimating prevalence and test accuracy in disease ecology: How Bayesian latent class analysis can boost or bias imperfect test results.Ecology and evolution · 2020Article
- Bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in elephants.Epidemiology and infection · 2018Article
- Tuberculosis in Laos, who is at risk: the mahouts or their elephants?Epidemiology and infection · 2015Article
- Estimation of diagnostic test accuracy without full verification: a review of latent class methods.Statistics in medicine · 2014Review
- First reported case of fatal tuberculosis in a wild African elephant with past human-wildlife contact.Epidemiology and infection · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMycobacterium tuberculosis, a causative agent of chronic tuberculosis disease, is widespread among some animal species too. There is paucity of information on the distribution, prevalence and true disease status of tuberculosis in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The aim of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of serological tests to diagnose M. tuberculosis infection in captive elephants in southern India while simultaneously estimating sero-prevalence. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsHealth assessment of 600 elephants was carried out and their sera screened with a commercially available rapid serum test. Trunk wash culture of select rapid serum test positive animals yielded no animal positive for M. tuberculosis isolation. Under Indian field conditions where the true disease status is unknown, we used a latent class model to estimate the diagnostic characteristics of an existing (rapid serum test) and new (four in-house ELISA) tests. One hundred and seventy nine sera were randomly selected for screening in the five tests. Diagnostic sensitivities of the four ELISAs were 91.3-97.6% (95% Credible Interval (CI): 74.8-99.9) and diagnostic specificity were 89.6-98.5% (95% CI: 79.4-99.9) based on the model we assumed. We estimate that 53.6% (95% CI: 44.6-62.8) of the samples tested were free from infection with M. tuberculosis and 15.9% (97.5% CI: 9.8 - to 24.0) tested positive on all five tests. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results provide evidence for high prevalence of asymptomatic M. tuberculosis infection in Asian elephants in a captive Indian setting. Further validation of these tests would be important in formulating area-specific effective surveillance and control measures.
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