ArticleBMJ open2012
Low income is associated with poor adherence to a Mediterranean diet and a higher prevalence of obesity: cross-sectional results from the Moli-sani study.
Article in BMJ open, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05504850 (The Feasibility and Acceptability of a Multicultural Healthy Diet), which is not on this map. Cited by 70 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Feasibility and Acceptability of a Multicultural Healthy Diet (Anti-inflammatory Dietary Pattern) in Racial/Ethnic Minorities With Chronic Kidney Disease
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of adherence to the Mediterranean diet among adults in Mediterranean countries: a systematic literature review.Public health nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Determinants of adherence to the Mediterranean diet among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in Mediterranean countries: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Arab Populations.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Are Major a Posteriori Dietary Patterns Reproducible in the Italian Population? A Systematic Review and Quantitative Assessment.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Adherence to the Mediterranean diet among adults in Mediterranean countries: a systematic literature review.European journal of nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Level of dietary adherence and determinants among type 2 diabetes population in Ethiopian: A systemic review with meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Associations of Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity With Obesity Measures in Rural Chinese Adults.Frontiers in public health · 2020Trial
- Vitamin E tocotrienol supplementation improves lipid profiles in chronic hemodialysis patients.Vascular health and risk management · 2013Trial
- Association between nutrition knowledge and Mediterranean diet adherence in Israeli adults with type 2 diabetes.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Association Between Food Security Status and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Among Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic status modifies the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cognitive outcomes: results from the Collaborative PROMED-COG Pooled Cohorts Study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
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- Dietary practice and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the horn of Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and effect of lifestyle in individuals without cardiovascular disease, diabetes or chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between the Mediterranean Diet and the Prime Diet Quality Score and polycystic ovary syndrome: a case control study.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Mediterranean diet and prime diet quality score are associated with reduced risk of premature coronary artery disease in Iran: a multi-centric case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish University Students: Association with Lifestyle Habits, Mental and Emotional Well-Being.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Mediterranean Diet in Older Irish Adults: Prevalence, Patterns, Predictors and Pertinence.Nutrients · 2024Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine cross-sectional associations of socioeconomic status (ie, income and education) with an adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and obesity prevalence.
designCross-sectional study on a sample of Italian subjects enrolled in the Moli-sani Project, a population-based cohort study. The Italian EPIC food frequency questionnaire was used to determine food intake. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) was appraised according to both the Mediterranean score elaborated by Trichopoulou (MDS) and the novel Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI) and to the a posteriori scores derived from principal component analysis. Four income categories were identified.
settingMolise region, Italy.
participants13 262 subjects (mean age 53±11, 50% men) out of 24 318 citizens (age ≥35) randomly enrolled in the Moli-sani Project. MAIN OUTCOMES: Dietary patterns and risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
resultsHousehold higher income were significantly associated with greater adherence to an MD (p<0.0001) and to Olive oil and Vegetables dietary pattern in a multivariable model including age, sex, daily energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, education and marital status. The odds of having the highest adherence to an MD clearly increased according to income levels. People having the highest income had 54% (95% CI 21% to 97%, MDS) or 72% (95% CI 34% to 121%, IMI) higher probability to stick to an MD-like eating pattern than those in the lowest-income group. Obesity prevalence was higher in the lowest-income group (36%) in comparison with the highest-income category (20%, p<0.0001). Income was associated with dietary patterns in all categories of education.
conclusionsA higher income and education are independently associated with a greater adherence to MD-like eating patterns and a lower prevalence of obesity.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.