ArticleJournal of water and health2012
Unsealed tubewells lead to increased fecal contamination of drinking water.
Article in Journal of water and health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Fecal contamination of drinking-water in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Do Sanitation Improvements Reduce Fecal Contamination of Water, Hands, Food, Soil, and Flies? Evidence from a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh.Environmental science & technology · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Transmission of fecal contamination to stored drinking water in unplanned settlements in Lusaka.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Perinatal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among home births in Bangladesh.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Admission screening for extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonization at a referral hospital in Botswana: A one-year period-prevalence survey, 2022-2023.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Child Melioidosis Deaths Caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei-Contaminated Borehole Water, Vietnam, 2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Escherichia coli, Species C Human Adenovirus, and Enterovirus in Water Samples Consumed in Rural Areas of Goiás, Brazil.Food and environmental virology · 2022Article
- Ruminant Fecal Contamination of Drinking Water Introduced Post-Collection in Rural Kenyan Households.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Relation of childhood diarrheal morbidity with the type of tube well used and associated factors ofTropical medicine and health · 2019Article
- Can Sanitary Inspection Surveys Predict Risk of Microbiological Contamination of Groundwater Sources? Evidence from Shallow Tubewells in Rural Bangladesh.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
- Modeling Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Ground and Surface Water Sources in Rural India: Associations with Latrines, Livestock, Damaged Wells, and Rainfall Patterns.Environmental science & technology · 2016Article
- Drinking water quality and public health in Southwestern Saudi Arabia: The need for a national monitoring program.Journal of family & community medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bangladesh is underlain by shallow aquifers in which millions of drinking water wells are emplaced without annular seals. Fecal contamination has been widely detected in private tubewells. To evaluate the impact of well construction on microbial water quality 35 private tubewells (11 with intact cement platforms, 19 without) and 17 monitoring wells (11 with the annulus sealed with cement, six unsealed) were monitored for culturable Escherichia coli over 18 months. Additionally, two 'snapshot' sampling events were performed on a subset of wells during late-dry and early-wet seasons, wherein the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) E. coli, Bacteroidales and the pathogenicity genes eltA (enterotoxigenic E. coli; ETEC), ipaH (Shigella) and 40/41 hexon (adenovirus) were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). No difference in E. coli detection frequency was found between tubewells with and without platforms. Unsealed private wells, however, contained culturable E. coli more frequently and higher concentrations of FIB than sealed monitoring wells (p < 0.05), suggestive of rapid downward flow along unsealed annuli. As a group the pathogens ETEC, Shigella and adenovirus were detected more frequently (10/22) during the wet season than the dry season (2/20). This suggests proper sealing of private tubewell annuli may lead to substantial improvements in microbial drinking water quality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.