ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2013
Role of the Mmr efflux pump in drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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42 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alternative approaches in combating antimicrobial resistance in animals.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Structure-Guided Development of Mycobacterial Thymidine Monophosphate Kinase (MtbTMPK) Inhibitors: Unlocking New Frontiers in Tuberculosis Research.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance and Countermeasures.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Approaches forHealth science reports · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial and Anti-Efflux Machinery of FDA-Approved Proton Pump Inhibitors and Vitamins AgainstMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Determining the effect of a new truncated CecropinA-Magenin2 (CE-MA) hybrid peptide on the expression of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis efflux genes.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- GlnA3Journal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Review
- The efflux pumps Rv1877 and Rv0191 play differential roles in the protection ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Role of bacterial efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance, virulence, and strategies to discover novel efflux pump inhibitors.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023Review
- The human proton pump inhibitors inhibitProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Critical discussion on drug efflux in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- The resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing the efficacy of this antibiotic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- Structure-aided optimization of non-nucleoside M. tuberculosis thymidylate kinase inhibitors.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Selective Targeting of Human and Animal Pathogens of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics Based on Whole Genome Sequencing ofInfection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Application of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a surrogate to evaluate drug leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The Journal of antibiotics · 2020Article
- Characterization of the Mycobacterial MSMEG-3762/63 Efflux Pump inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Targeting redox heterogeneity to counteract drug tolerance in replicatingScience translational medicine · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Efflux pumps are membrane proteins capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell. Increased efflux activity in response to drug treatment may be the first step in the development of bacterial drug resistance. Previous studies showed that the efflux pump Mmr was significantly overexpressed in strains exposed to isoniazid. In the work to be described, we constructed mutants lacking or overexpressing Mmr in order to clarify the role of this efflux pump in the development of resistance to isoniazid and other drugs in M. tuberculosis. The mmr knockout mutant showed an increased susceptibility to ethidium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Overexpression of mmr caused a decreased susceptibility to ethidium bromide, acriflavine, and safranin O that was obliterated in the presence of the efflux inhibitors verapamil and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Isoniazid susceptibility was not affected by the absence or overexpression of mmr. The fluorometric method allowed the detection of a decreased efflux of ethidium bromide in the knockout mutant, whereas the overexpressed strain showed increased efflux of this dye. This increased efflux activity was inhibited in the presence of efflux inhibitors. Under our experimental conditions, we have found that efflux pump Mmr is mainly involved in the susceptibility to quaternary compounds such as ethidium bromide and disinfectants such as CTAB. The contribution of this efflux pump to isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis still needs to be further elucidated.
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