ArticleBrain and cognition2013
A model of amygdala-hippocampal-prefrontal interaction in fear conditioning and extinction in animals.
Article in Brain and cognition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcranial direct current stimulation targeting the medial prefrontal cortex modulates functional connectivity and enhances safety learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from two pilot studies.Depression and anxiety · 2022Trial
- Auditory conditioned fear elicits anxiety-like behavior and differential neuronal remodeling in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex of rats.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- β-catenin deficiency in forebrain excitatory neurons induces fear memory deficits and physiological alterations.Brain communications · 2026Article
- ApoE Isoform-Dependent Effects on Extinction of Contextual Fear Memory and Passive Avoidance Memory.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of alcohol influence on fear conditioning: A computational model.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Oral Asiatic Acid Improves Cognitive Function and Modulates Antioxidant and Mitochondrial Pathways in Female 5xFAD Mice.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Neural Circuits Underlying Fear Processing.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Basolateral amygdala oscillations enable fear learning in a biophysical model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on fear of cancer recurrence and its underlying neuromechanism.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- The ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to threat omission is associated with subsequent explicit safety memory.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Computational modeling of fear and stress responses: validation using consolidated fear and stress protocols.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2024Article
- Effects of a True Prophylactic Treatment on Hippocampal and Amygdala Synaptic Plasticity and Gene Expression in a Rodent Chronic Stress Model of Social Defeat.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Relationships between serotonin availability and frontolimbic response to fearful and threatening faces.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Fear Extinction Learning in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- A systematic review of neural, cognitive, and clinical studies of anger and aggression.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- A Biologically Inspired Neural Network Model to Gain Insight Into the Mechanisms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Neural Circuits Underlying Social Fear in Rodents: An Integrative Computational Model.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Role of TRPA1 Channels in the Central Processing of Odours Contributing to the Behavioural Responses of Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Empirical research has shown that the amygdala, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are involved in fear conditioning. However, the functional contribution of each brain area and the nature of their interactions are not clearly understood. Here, we extend existing neural network models of the functional roles of the hippocampus in classical conditioning to include interactions with the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. We apply the model to fear conditioning, in which animals learn physiological (e.g. heart rate) and behavioral (e.g. freezing) responses to stimuli that have been paired with a highly aversive event (e.g. electrical shock). The key feature of our model is that learning of these conditioned responses in the central nucleus of the amygdala is modulated by two separate processes, one from basolateral amygdala and signaling a positive prediction error, and one from the vmPFC, via the intercalated cells of the amygdala, and signaling a negative prediction error. In addition, we propose that hippocampal input to both vmPFC and basolateral amygdala is essential for contextual modulation of fear acquisition and extinction. The model is sufficient to account for a body of data from various animal fear conditioning paradigms, including acquisition, extinction, reacquisition, and context specificity effects. Consistent with studies on lesioned animals, our model shows that damage to the vmPFC impairs extinction, while damage to the hippocampus impairs extinction in a different context (e.g., a different conditioning chamber from that used in initial training in animal experiments). We also discuss model limitations and predictions, including the effects of number of training trials on fear conditioning.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.