ArticleBMC public health2012
Respiratory symptoms and illnesses among brick kiln workers: a cross sectional study from rural districts of Pakistan.
Article in BMC public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Productivity gains and work conditions in coercive labor markets: Experimental evidence from the Bangladesh brick sector.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Detection of reproductive and hematobiochemical biomarkers to evaluate the impact of heavy metal exposure on brick kiln workers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Residential proximity to industrial zones and self-reported respiratory morbidity: a community-based cross-sectional survey of three Karachi industrial areas.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with respiratory symptoms in an urban population: findings from BOLD study in Karachi, Pakistan.Discover medicine · 2025Article
- To stay or grow? Migration patterns and child growth in rural Bihar, India.Health & place · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding respirable silica exposure and personal protective equipment use among brick kiln workers in Nepal.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of enriched flyash based cement-sand compressed bricks under various curing regimes.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of respiratory symptoms and illnesses among brick kiln workers in Nepal -A cross-sectional study.Environmental and occupational health practice · 2024Article
- Otorhinolaryngologic Evaluation of Brick Kiln Workers: ENT Findings of Brick Kiln Workers.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2022Article
- Assessment of pulmonary function test in brick factory workers.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Biochemical and reproductive biomarker analysis to study the consequences of heavy metal burden on health profile of male brick kiln workers.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Evaluation of respiratory function and biomarkers of exposure to mixtures of pollutants in brick-kilns workers from a marginalized urban area in Mexico.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Impact of Air Pollution Generated by Brick Kilns on the Pulmonary Health of Workers.Journal of health & pollution · 2021Article
- Study of occupational exposure to brick kiln emissions on heavy metal burden, biochemical profile, cortisol level and reproductive health risks among female workers at Rawat, Pakistan.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- Air Quality in the Working Environment and Respiratory Health of Female Congolese Stone Quarry Workers.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Respiratory Diseases Among Coal-Based Sponge Iron Plant Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Barjora, India.Annals of global health · 2019Article
- Occupational Tasks Influencing Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms Among Charcoal-Production Workers: A Time-Series Study.Safety and health at work · 2017Article
- Respiratory Abnormalities among Occupationally Exposed, Non-Smoking Brick Kiln Workers from Punjab, India.The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2017Article
- Respiratory symptoms and illnesses related to the concentration of airborne particulate matter among brick kiln workers in Kathmandu valley, Nepal.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOccupational risk factors are one of the major causes of respiratory illnesses and symptoms, and account for 13% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 11% of asthma worldwide. Majority of brick kilns in Pakistan use wood and coal for baking the bricks which makes the brick kiln workers susceptible to high exposure of air pollution. This study was designed to describe frequency of chronic respiratory symptoms and illnesses and study the association between these symptoms and different types of work.
methodsThis was a questionnaire based cross sectional survey conducted among the brick kiln workers in Larkana and Dadu districts, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 340 adult men were assessed using translated version of the American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Disease (ATS-DLD) questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the relationship between various socio-demographic and occupational factors (age, education, type of work, number of years at work, smoking status), and the respiratory symptoms and illnesses (chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, Chronic Bronchitis and asthma).
resultsResults of the study show that 22.4% workers had chronic cough while 21.2% reported chronic phlegm. 13.8% had two or more attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing. 17.1% workers were suffering from Chronic Bronchitis while 8.2% reported physician diagnosed asthma. Amongst the non-smoking workers 8.9% had Chronic Bronchitis. Multivariate analysis found that workers involved in brick baking were more likely to have Chronic Bronchitis (OR= 3.7, 95% CI 1.1-11.6, p=<0.05) and asthma (OR= 3.9, 95% CI 1.01-15.5, p=<0.05) compared to those involved in carriage and placement work.
conclusionA high frequency of respiratory symptoms and illnesses was observed among brick kiln workers. Age, nature of work and smoking were strong predictors of developing these symptoms and illnesses.
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