ReviewToxins2012
Clinical uses of botulinum neurotoxins: current indications, limitations and future developments.
Review in Toxins, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03616262 ("Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection in Reducing Limb Pain in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome"), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
"Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection in Reducing Limb Pain in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome"
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolution of botulinum neurotoxin serotype X proteases to induce inflammatory cell death in cancer cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Cryo-EM Structure Guided Engineering of Botulinum Neurotoxin A With Advanced Receptor Binding Affinity and Therapeutical Benefits.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Real-world use of botulinum toxin-A for post-stroke spasticity in the Netherlands: a retrospective claims study.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Probing the properties of PTEN specific botulinum toxin type E mutants.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of OBI-858 for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Glabellar Lines.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Article
- A Pilot Study of Differences in Antibody Responses of Intradermal and Intramuscular Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Gene Editing inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Comprehensive Review on Clinical and Pharmacological Insights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Botulinum neurotoxin: Tracking the transition from lethal dose toNAM journal · 2025Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment for hemifacial spasm: harmonising neurological and aesthetic outcomes.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Traditional to technological advancements in Ganoderma detection methods in oil palm.Folia microbiologica · 2024Review
- Review
- Neurobiological mechanisms of botulinum neurotoxin-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Temporomandibular Symptoms Associated with Sleep Bruxism: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- Structural basis for antiepileptic drugs and botulinum neurotoxin recognition of SV2A.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Recent Developments in Engineering Non-Paralytic Botulinum Molecules for Therapeutic Applications.Toxins · 2024Review
- Ultrasound-guided intraoral botulinum toxin injection into the lateral pterygoid muscle for chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation.Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2024Article
- Marine Toxins as Pharmaceutical Treasure Troves: A Focus on Saxitoxin Derivatives from a Computational Point of View.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring the Biomarkers and Potential Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Microglial Inflammatory Activation through P2X7 Receptors based on Transcriptome Sequencing.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause flaccid paralysis by interfering with vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release in the neuronal cells. BoNTs are the most widely used therapeutic proteins. BoNT/A was approved by the U.S. FDA to treat strabismus, blepharospam, and hemificial spasm as early as 1989 and then for treatment of cervical dystonia, glabellar facial lines, axillary hyperhidrosis, chronic migraine and for cosmetic use. Due to its high efficacy, longevity of action and satisfactory safety profile, it has been used empirically in a variety of ophthalmological, gastrointestinal, urological, orthopedic, dermatological, secretory, and painful disorders. Currently available BoNT therapies are limited to neuronal indications with the requirement of periodic injections resulting in immune-resistance for some indications. Recent understanding of the structure-function relationship of BoNTs prompted the engineering of novel BoNTs to extend therapeutic interventions in non-neuronal systems and to overcome the immune-resistance issue. Much research still needs to be done to improve and extend the medical uses of BoNTs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.