ArticleToxins2012
Estimation of multi-mycotoxin contamination in South African compound feeds.
Article in Toxins, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Review
- Multiple Mycotoxin Contamination in Livestock Feed: Implications for Animal Health, Productivity, and Food Safety.Toxins · 2025Review
- Aflatoxins and fumonisins co-contamination effects on laying hens and use of mycotoxin detoxifiers as a mitigation strategy.Mycotoxin research · 2025Article
- Article
- Zearalenone contamination in maize, its associated producing fungi, control strategies, and legislation in Sub-Saharan Africa.Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- Article
- Underreported Human Exposure to Mycotoxins: The Case of South Africa.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Six Main Contributing Factors to High Levels of Mycotoxin Contamination in African Foods.Toxins · 2022Review
- Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Poultry Feed in Selected Chicken Rearing Villages of Bishoftu Ethiopia.Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- A preliminary study on mycotoxin contamination in red meat from registered abattoirs in South Africa.Mycotoxin research · 2021Article
- Article
- Updates on food and feed mycotoxin contamination and safety in Africa with special reference to Nigeria.Mycology · 2021Review
- Magnitude of AflatoxigenicVeterinary medicine international · 2021Article
- Multi-Mycotoxin Occurrence in Dairy Cattle and Poultry Feeds and Feed Ingredients from Machakos Town, Kenya.Toxins · 2020Article
- Fusarium mycotoxins in total mixed rations for dairy cows.Mycotoxin research · 2020Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A total of 92 commercial compound feeds from South Africa were investigated for various mycotoxins. The data reveal the highest incidence of feed contamination for fumonisins (FB) (range: 104-2999 µg/kg) followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) (range: 124-2352 µg/kg) and zearalenone (ZEA) (range: 30-610 µg/kg). The incidence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AF)-contaminated samples were generally low, i.e., 4% and 30% of samples with levels ranging between 6.4 and 17.1 µg/kg (mean: 9.9 µg/kg) for OTA and 0.2 to 71.8 µg/kg (mean: 9.0 µg/kg) for AF. No samples contained T-2 toxin or HT-2 toxin. However, all samples analyzed were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin with a majority containing several mycotoxins. In particular, 3 of 4 positive samples mainly cattle feeds that had relatively high contents of OTA (ranging from 7 to 17.1 µg/kg) also contained high amounts of AF (>27.5 µg/kg) together with FB, DON and ZEA. Apart from a few samples, the levels of mycotoxins may be regarded as safe for livestock production in South Africa. However, the persistent co-occurrence of mycotoxins in samples, especially those at high concentrations, i.e., AF and OTA, together with other mycotoxins studied, may elicit synergistic or additive effects in animals. This should raise concern as multiple contaminations may pose a risk to livestock production and health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.