ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2012
Event-related potential studies of outcome processing and feedback-guided learning.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers.
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Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Midbrain-Hippocampus Structural Connectivity Selectively Predicts Motivated Memory Encoding.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Trial
- The Cortical Source of the P300 ERP Generator in the Associative Learning Task: A Consensus of Four Inversion Algorithms.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Distinct Neural Dynamics Underlying Reward Expectation Formation and Outcome Processing: Insights From ERP and Time-Frequency Analyses.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Effects of augmented feedback delay on neural correlates of feedback processing in motor practice.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Electrophysiological Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Systematic and Mechanistic Review of EEG, ERP, and QEEG Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Dissociated in Anticipation, Common in Feedback: Neuroelectrophysiological Mechanisms of Social-Motivational Processing in Bivalent Evaluation Fears.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Belief updating in uncertain environments is differentially sensitive to reward and punishment learning: Evidence from ERP.iScience · 2026Article
- The Brain Signature of Reward Processing During Cooperative Gaming.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Parsing Reward Processing Substages With Multimodal EEG-fMRI.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Time and amount attributes exert distinct neural influences on gain and loss evaluation.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Feedback-driven event-related potentials in conditional discrimination: insights from a matching-to-sample study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Age differences in socio-emotional feedback processing during learning: an ERP study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive mechanisms of source credibility: how work experience and patient ratings modulate the processing of medical veracity cues.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Post-loss speeding and neurophysiological markers of action preparation and outcome processing in probabilistic reversal learning.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2026Article
- Attenuated neural activity in processing decision-making feedback in uncertain conditions in patients with mild cognitive impairment.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Separable neural signals for reward and emotion prediction errors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The impact of emotional feedback in learning easy and difficult tasks - an ERP study.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effort Expenditure Reduces Prosocial Decision-Making: Computational Principles and Neural Mechanisms.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- How Self-Involvement affects miners' safety risk Decision-Making: an ERP study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
In order to control behavior in an adaptive manner the brain has to learn how some situations and actions predict positive or negative outcomes. During the last decade cognitive neuroscientists have shown that the brain is able to evaluate and learn from outcomes within a few hundred milliseconds of their occurrence. This research has been primarily focused on the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the P3, two event-related potential (ERP) components that are elicited by outcomes. The FRN is a frontally distributed negative-polarity ERP component that typically reaches its maximal amplitude 250 ms after outcome presentation and tends to be larger for negative than for positive outcomes. The FRN has been associated with activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The P3 (~300-600 ms) is a parietally distributed positive-polarity ERP component that tends to be larger for large magnitude than for small magnitude outcomes. The neural sources of the P3 are probably distributed over different regions of the cortex. This paper examines the theories that have been proposed to explain the functional role of these two ERP components during outcome processing. Special attention is paid to extant literature addressing how these ERP components are modulated by outcome valence (negative vs. positive), outcome magnitude (large vs. small), outcome probability (unlikely vs. likely), and behavioral adjustment. The literature offers few generalizable conclusions, but is beset with a number of inconsistencies across studies. This paper discusses the potential reasons for these inconsistencies and points out some challenges that probably will shape the field over the next decade.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.