ReviewImmunity2012
Innate immune function by Toll-like receptors: distinct responses in newborns and the elderly.
Review in Immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 328 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
328 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 547 citations in OpenAlex.
- Merkel cell polyomavirus and Langerhans cell neoplasm.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2018Pooled it
- Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Methylprednisolone in Neonates Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Neonatal BCG Vaccination Influences Cytokine Responses to Toll-like Receptor Ligands and Heterologous Antigens.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Bovine Lactoferrin Enhances TLR7-Mediated Responses in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Elderly Women: Results From a Nutritional Intervention Study With Bovine Lactoferrin, GOS and Vitamin D.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- High-Frequency, Functional HIV-Specific T-Follicular Helper and Regulatory Cells Are Present Within Germinal Centers in Children but Not Adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Deciphering the Inflammatory Network in Pediatric Recurrent Tonsillitis: The Role of TRAF6, IRAK1, and miR-146a-5p.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Immunization with mRNA-LNP Elicits De Novo IgG Responses in the Presence of Maternal Antibody.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Increases in total HIV-1 nucleic acid in whole blood precede plasma RNA rebound during pediatric analytical treatment interruption.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle vaccine formulations for dengue virus.RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Vaccine Responses in Early Age.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Impact of sex differences in adult and paediatric HIV-1 cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Type I interferon signaling in hematopoietic cells impairs neutrophil antibacterial function in the middle ear during viral co-infection.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Immune development in early life.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Age-related pharyngeal microbiome and host transcriptomic signatures underlying fever responses in RSV bronchiolitis.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Priming innate immunity and long-term outcome.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- Effects of pre- and postnatal probiotic and ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on cytokine and chemokine responses to allergens and TLR ligands during infancy.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- A randomized prospective study of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity in The Gambia and Papua New Guinea.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- The Importance of Pediatric Nonhuman Primate Models in Translational HIV Research.Journal of medical primatology · 2026Review
- COVID-19 and Pregnancy: Key Findings.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Recommendations from the 2nd Consensus Workshop on Analytical Treatment Interruption in HIV Research Trials.The lancet. HIV · 2026Article
268 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Given the "inborn" nature of the innate immune system, it is surprising to find that innate immune function does in fact change with age. Similar patterns of distinct Toll-like-receptor-mediated immune responses come to light when one contrasts innate immune development at the beginning of life with that toward the end of life. Importantly, these developmental patterns of innate cytokine responses correlate with clinical patterns of susceptibility to disease: A heightened risk of suffering from excessive inflammation is often detected in prematurely born infants, disappears over the first few months of life, and reappears toward the end of life. In addition, risk periods for particular infections in early life reemerge in older adults. The near-mirror-image patterns that emerge in contrasts of early versus late innate immune ontogeny emphasize changes in host-environment interactions as the underlying molecular and teleologic drivers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.