ArticleCell host & microbe2012
Mitochondrial metabolism of glucose and glutamine is required for intracellular growth of Toxoplasma gondii.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers.
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Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Dissecting apicoplast functions through continuous cultivation of Toxoplasma gondii devoid of the organelle.Nature communications · 2025Article
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95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii proliferates within host cell vacuoles where the parasite relies on host carbon and nutrients for replication. To assess how T. gondii utilizes these resources, we mapped the carbon metabolism pathways in intracellular and egressed parasite stages. We determined that intracellular T. gondii stages actively catabolize host glucose via a canonical, oxidative tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a mitochondrial pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to generate energy. These stages also catabolize glutamine via the TCA cycle and an unanticipated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt, which generates GABA and additional molecules that enter the TCA cycle. Chemically inhibiting the TCA cycle completely prevents intracellular parasite replication. Parasites lacking the GABA shunt exhibit attenuated growth and are unable to sustain motility under nutrient-limited conditions, suggesting that GABA functions as a short-term energy reserve. Thus, T. gondii tachyzoites have metabolic flexibility that likely allows the parasite to infect diverse cell types.
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