ArticleBMC public health2012
Reduced cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Canada: national data from 1932 to 2006.
Article in BMC public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regional and country-level trends in cervical cancer screening coverage in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic analysis of population-based surveys (2000-2020).PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Recommendations on screening for cervical cancer.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2013Guideline
- Integration of social determinants of health in quality indicators for colorectal cancer surgery: a scoping review.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Impact of government-organized screening programs on the economic burden of cervical cancer across five disease courses: a multistage regression and mediation analysis.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Incidence and Survival Trends of Cervical Cancer in Khon Kaen, Thailand.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Perceptions of cervical screening uptake amongst South Asian women in Ontario, Canada: a concept mapping study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cervical cancer trends, HPV vaccine utilization, and screening in low- and lower-middle-income countries: an updated review.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2025Review
- A Narrative Review of the Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Value of Pembrolizumab-Based Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast and Gynecologic Cancers.Oncology and therapy · 2024Review
- Review
- Self-Screening for Cervical Cancer Offered through a Digital Platform in a Region of British Columbia with Lower Screening Rates.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of HPV-associated cancers past, present and future: towards prevention and elimination.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Knowledge of cytology results affects the performance of colposcopy: a crossover study.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Progress in site-specific cancer mortality in Canada over the last 70 years.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Age-Specific Trends of Invasive Cervical Cancer Incidence in British Columbia, Canada, 1971-2017.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Article
- Human Papillomavirus E7 and p16Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cervical Cancer Screening by Refugee Category in a Refugee Health Primary Care Clinic in Calgary, Canada, 2011-2016.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2022Article
- Evaluation of elderly women with uterin cervical cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Time Trends for Incidence and Net Survival of Cervical Cancer in Sweden 1960-2014-A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Ensuring a Successful Transition From Cytology to Human Papillomavirus-Based Primary Cervical Cancer Screening in Canada by Investigating the Psychosocial Correlates of Women's Intentions: Protocol for an Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh levels of participation in cervical screening are reported in Canada from the 1970's as a result of early uptake of the Pap smear and universal Medicare. Despite recommendations to the contrary, the programs have featured early age of initiation of screening and frequent screening intervals. Other countries have achieved successful outcomes without such features. We analyzed national data to better understand mortality and incidence trends, and their relationships to screening.
methodsThe Canadian Cancer Registry, National Cancer Incidence Reporting System, and the Canadian Vital Statistics Database were used to measure mortality and incidence rates. Cases and deaths from invasive cervical cancer were classified by 5 year age groups at diagnosis and death (15 to 19 years through to 80 to 84 years), year of diagnosis (1972 to 2006), and year of death (1932 to 2006). Probabilities of developing and dying from cervical cancer were calculated for age-specific mortality and incidence. The proportion of women reporting a timely Pap test was estimated for 1978 to 2006.
resultsCervical cancer mortality has declined steadily from a peak of 13.5 to 2.2 per 100,000 (83%,) between 1952 and 2006, and 71% between 1972 and 2006. Incidence of invasive cervical cancer has declined by 58% since 1972. These declines have occurred more among older age groups than younger. Invasive cervical cancer incidence and mortality is less in each successive birth cohort of women. Participation rates in screening are high especially in women under age 50.
conclusionsDespite increasing risk factors for cervical cancer, both incidence and mortality have declined over time, across age groups, and across birth cohorts. Earlier increasing mortality (1932 - 1950) was likely related to improved classification of cancers and the early subsequent reduction (1950 - 1970) to improved treatment. Recent improvements in incidence and mortality are likely due to high rates of screening. For women under age 30 years there are low rates of disease but lesser improvement related to screening.
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