ArticleOpen biology2012
Ribosomal frameshifting used in influenza A virus expression occurs within the sequence UCC_UUU_CGU and is in the +1 direction.
Article in Open biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Impaired host shutoff is a fitness cost associated with baloxavir marboxil resistance mutations in influenza A virus PA/PA-X nuclease domain.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Characterisation of the tilapia lake virus proteome and identification of an 11th protein, S9-F3.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Programmed ribosomal frameshifting duringScience advances · 2025Article
- Functionality and translation fidelity characterization of mRNA vaccines using platform based mass spectrometry detection.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Imaging and Quantifying Ribosomal Frameshifting Dynamics with Single-RNA Precision in Live Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- PA and PA-X: two key proteins from segment 3 of the influenza viruses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Influenza A virus NS1 effector domain is required for PA-X-mediated host shutoff in infected cells.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Locations and structures of influenza A virus packaging-associated signals and other functional elements via an in silico pipeline for predicting constrained features in RNA viruses.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Cut site preference allows influenza A virus PA-X to discriminate between host and viral mRNAs.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Influenza A virus inhibits TET2 expression by endoribonuclease PA-X to attenuate type I interferon signaling and promote viral replication.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- NS1 and PA-X of H1N1/09 influenza virus act in a concerted manner to manipulate the innate immune response of porcine respiratory epithelial cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Strategies of Influenza A Virus to Ensure the Translation of Viral mRNAs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Geneticin shows selective antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting.Antiviral research · 2022Article
- Infection ofViruses · 2022Article
- Identification of Amino Acid Residues Required for Inhibition of Host Gene Expression by Influenza Virus A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 H5N1 PA-X.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Virome ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Accessory Gene Products of Influenza A Virus.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Complexities in viral replication strategies as a potential explanation for prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in Covid-19 infections: analytical observation on SARS-Cov2 genome characteristics.Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Programmed ribosomal frameshifting is used in the expression of many virus genes and some cellular genes. In eukaryotic systems, the most well-characterized mechanism involves -1 tandem tRNA slippage on an X_XXY_YYZ motif. By contrast, the mechanisms involved in programmed +1 (or -2) slippage are more varied and often poorly characterized. Recently, a novel gene, PA-X, was discovered in influenza A virus and found to be expressed via a shift to the +1 reading frame. Here, we identify, by mass spectrometric analysis, both the site (UCC_UUU_CGU) and direction (+1) of the frameshifting that is involved in PA-X expression. Related sites are identified in other virus genes that have previously been proposed to be expressed via +1 frameshifting. As these viruses infect insects (chronic bee paralysis virus), plants (fijiviruses and amalgamaviruses) and vertebrates (influenza A virus), such motifs may form a new class of +1 frameshift-inducing sequences that are active in diverse eukaryotes.
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Registered trials
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