ArticlePlant physiology2013
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts contain a homodimeric pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase that functions with FDX1.
Article in Plant physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-scale design of abiotic-biotic interfaces for semi-artificial photosynthesis.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Energy metabolism and adaptation to hypoxia in the non-photosynthetic green alga Leontynka.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Client distribution between Chlamydomonas FDX1 and FDX2 in carbon, nitrogen and sulfur assimilation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Cuproptosis key gene FDX1 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in glioma.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Occurrence, Evolution and Specificities of Iron-Sulfur Proteins and Maturation Factors in Chloroplasts from Algae.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Phylogenetic and functional diversity of aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenases in microalgae.Plant molecular biology · 2021Article
- Review
- Energy metabolism in anaerobic eukaryotes and Earth's late oxygenation.Free radical biology & medicine · 2019Review
- Roles and maturation of iron-sulfur proteins in plastids.Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · 2018Review
- Concerted Up-regulation of Aldehyde/Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADHE) and Starch inThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- Metabolic responses to ethanol and butanol inBiotechnology for biofuels · 2017Article
- Crystal structure and biochemical characterization of Chlamydomonas FDX2 reveal two residues that, when mutated, partially confer FDX2 the redox potential and catalytic properties of FDX1.Photosynthesis research · 2016Article
- Identification of the Elusive Pyruvate Reductase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chloroplasts.Plant & cell physiology · 2016Article
- Critical role of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ferredoxin-5 in maintaining membrane structure and dark metabolism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Relevance of nutrient media composition for hydrogen production in Chlamydomonas.Photosynthesis research · 2015Review
- Engineering photosynthetic organisms for the production of biohydrogen.Photosynthesis research · 2015Review
- Low oxygen levels contribute to improve photohydrogen production in mixotrophic non-stressed Chlamydomonas cultures.Biotechnology for biofuels · 2015Article
- Alternative acetate production pathways in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during dark anoxia and the dominant role of chloroplasts in fermentative acetate production.The Plant cell · 2014Article
- Identification of global ferredoxin interaction networks in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Eukaryotic algae have long been known to live in anoxic environments, but interest in their anaerobic energy metabolism has only recently gained momentum, largely due to their utility in biofuel production. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii figures remarkably in this respect, because it efficiently produces hydrogen and its genome harbors many genes for anaerobic metabolic routes. Central to anaerobic energy metabolism in many unicellular eukaryotes (protists) is pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO), which decarboxylates pyruvate and forms acetyl-coenzyme A with concomitant reduction of low-potential ferredoxins or flavodoxins. Here, we report the biochemical properties of the homodimeric PFO of C. reinhardtii expressed in Escherichia coli. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the recombinant enzyme (Cr-rPFO) showed three distinct [4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur clusters and a thiamine pyrophosphate radical upon reduction by pyruvate. Purified Cr-rPFO exhibits a specific decarboxylase activity of 12 µmol pyruvate min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein using benzyl viologen as electron acceptor. Despite the fact that the enzyme is very oxygen sensitive, it localizes to the chloroplast. Among the six known chloroplast ferredoxins (FDX1-FDX6) in C. reinhardtii, FDX1 and FDX2 were the most efficient electron acceptors from Cr-rPFO, with comparable apparent K(m) values of approximately 4 µm. As revealed by immunoblotting, anaerobic conditions that lead to the induction of CrPFO did not increase levels of either FDX1 or FDX2. FDX1, being by far the most abundant ferredoxin, is thus likely the partner of PFO in C. reinhardtii. This finding postulates a direct link between CrPFO and hydrogenase and provides new opportunities to better study and engineer hydrogen production in this protist.
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