ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2013
Dementia and out-of-pocket spending on health care services.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacist-led telehealth deprescribing for people living with dementia and polypharmacy in primary care: A pilot study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Review
- Association Between Race and Comorbid Conditions Among Older Adults with Dementia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Ascertaining Out-of-Pocket Costs of Dementia Care: Feasibility Study of a Web-Based Weekly Survey.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Out-of-Pocket Expenses for Long-Term Care by Dementia Status and Residential Setting among US Older Adults.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2024Article
- Effects of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias on dental care usage and economic burden in older adults: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Intervention design in cognitively impaired populations-Lessons learned from the OPTIMIZE deprescribing pragmatic trial.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures and Health Care Services Use Among Older Americans With Cognitive Impairment: Results From the 2008-2016 Health and Retirement Study.The Gerontologist · 2022Article
- Out-of-pocket costs attributable to dementia: A longitudinal analysis.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
- D-CARE: The Dementia Care Study: Design of a Pragmatic Trial of the Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Health System-Based Versus Community-Based Dementia Care Versus Usual Dementia Care.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2020Article
- Family caregiving in the community up to 8-years after onset of dementia.BMC geriatrics · 2020Article
- Article
- Trends in Out-of-Pocket Burden in United States Adults with Kidney Disease: 2002-2011.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2019Article
- Do older adults with Alzheimer's disease engage in estate planning and advance care planning preparation?Aging & mental health · 2019Article
- Population genealogy resource shows evidence of familial clustering for Alzheimer disease.Neurology. Genetics · 2018Article
- Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders and Out-of-Pocket Health Care Spending and Burden Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries.Medical care · 2018Article
- Survival analysis of increases in care needs associated with dementia and living alone among older long-term care service users in Japan.BMC geriatrics · 2017Article
- Effects of cognition, function, and behavioral and psychological symptoms on out-of-pocket medical and nursing home expenditures and time spent caregiving for persons with dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2017Article
- Direct and indirect cost of managing alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the United States.Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh levels of out-of-pocket (OOP) spending for health care may lead patients to forego needed services and medications as well as hamper their ability to pay for other essential goods. Because it leads to disability and the loss of independence, dementia may put patients and their families at risk for high OOP spending, especially for long-term care services.
methodsWe used data from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study, a nationally representative subsample (n = 743) of the Health and Retirement Study, to determine whether individuals with dementia had higher self-reported OOP spending compared with those with cognitive impairment without dementia and those with normal cognitive function. We also examined the relationship between dementia and utilization of dental care and prescription medications-two types of health care that are frequently paid for OOP. Multivariate and logistic regression models were used to adjust for the influence of potential confounders.
resultsAfter controlling for demographics and comorbidities, those with dementia had more than three times the yearly OOP spending compared with those with normal cognition ($8216 for those with dementia vs. $2570 for those with normal cognition, P < .01). Higher OOP spending for those with dementia was mainly driven by greater expenditures on nursing home care (P < .01). Dementia was not associated with the likelihood of visiting the dentist (P = .76) or foregoing prescription medications owing to cost (P = .34).
conclusionsDementia is associated with high levels of OOP spending but not with the use of dental care or foregoing prescription medications, suggesting that excess OOP spending among those with dementia does not "crowd out" spending on these other health care services.
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