ArticleAmerican journal of public health2013
Influence of community social norms on spousal violence: a population-based multilevel study of Nigerian women.
Article in American journal of public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of a Module Based Training on Nurses' Attitude Towards Social Norms and Beliefs That Support Abuse Among women with Mental Illness.Community mental health journal · 2021Trial
- Who are the "vanguard" women? Strategies for identifying women going against economic participation norms across 49 low- and middle-income countries.World development · 2025Article
- Does going against the norm on women's economic participation increase intimate partner violence risk? A cross-sectional, multi-national study.Global health research and policy · 2024Article
- The Effect of Economic Reliance, Stress, and Women's Employment Status on Intimate Partner Violence Risk Among Partnered Women in Burkina Faso and Kenya.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2024Article
- Impact of DREAMS interventions on attitudes towards gender norms among adolescent girls and young women: Findings from a prospective cohort in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Is intimate partner violence vertically transmitted among women in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from demographic health surveys between 2010 and 2019.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Reaching out to men in ending intimate partner violence: a qualitative study among male civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2022Article
- Cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and prevalence of domestic violence among women in Kaduna, north-western Nigeria.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Magnitude and factors associated with intimate partner violence against pregnant women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Social norms and the association between intimate partner violence and depression in rural Bangladesh-a multilevel analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Article
- Revisiting the polygyny and intimate partner violence connection: The role of religion and wife's rank in Nigeria.Journal of marriage and the family · 2021Article
- Spatial distribution and predictors of domestic violence against women: evidence from analysis of Ethiopian demographic health survey 2016.BMC women's health · 2021Article
- Intimate partner violence against adolescents and young women in sub-Saharan Africa: who is most vulnerable?Reproductive health · 2021Article
- Community Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women, and Lived Experiences of Family Violence and Abuse During Childhood in Rural Eastern Nigeria: Implications for Policy and Programming.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
- Gendered Social Norms Change in Water Governance Structures Through Community Facilitation: Evaluation of the UPWARD Intervention in Tanzania.Frontiers in sociology · 2021Article
- "When It's a Girl, They Have a Chance to Have Sex With Them. When It's a Boy…They Have Been Known to Rape Them": Perceptions of United Nations Peacekeeper-Perpetrated Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Against Women/Girls Versus Men/Boys in Haiti.Frontiers in sociology · 2021Article
- Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence across adolescent girls and young women in Mombasa, Kenya.BMC women's health · 2020Article
- High rate of partner violence during pregnancy in eastern Ethiopia: Findings from a facility-based study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: Knowledge and Experiences of Pregnant Women and Controlling Behavior of Male Partners in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria.International journal of reproductive medicine · 2020Article
- Changing Social Norms: the Importance of "Organized Diffusion" for Scaling Up Community Health Promotion and Women Empowerment Interventions.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe examined whether social norms toward spousal violence in Nigeria, at the state level, are associated with a woman's exposure to physical and sexual violence perpetrated by her husband.
methodsUsing data from the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey, we fit four 3-level random intercepts models to examine contextual factors associated with spousal violence while accounting for individual-level predictors.
resultsOf the 18,798 ever-married Nigerian women in our sample, 18.7% reported exposure to spousal sexual or physical violence. The prevalence was geographically patterned by state and ranged from 3% to 50%. Permissive state-level social norms toward spousal violence were positively associated with a woman's report of physical and sexual violence perpetrated by her husband (odds ratio [OR] = 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17, 2.77), after adjusting for individual-level characteristics. A number of individual-level variables were significantly associated with victimization, including a woman's accepting beliefs toward spousal violence (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.14). Women living in states with Sharia law were less likely to report spousal violence (OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.95).
conclusionsEfforts to end violence against women, particularly spousal violence, should consider broader social and contextual determinants of violence including social norms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.