ReviewClinical interventions in aging2012
Pneumonia immunization in older adults: review of vaccine effectiveness and strategies.
Review in Clinical interventions in aging, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in reducing hospitalization and mortality among the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence and risk of treatment-related mortality with mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus in cancer patients: a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Correcting zinc deficiency in nursing home residents: a randomized trial comparing 30 and 60 mg/day elemental zinc supplementation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Reducing the complications from community acquired pneumonia: a review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Immunisation efficacy of a stabilised SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in two geriatric animal models.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- A broad-spectrum pneumococcal vaccine induces mucosal immunity and protects against lethalEmerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Immunogenicity of an AAV-Based COVID-19 Vaccine in Murine Models of Obesity and Aging.Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- From virus to inflammation, how influenza promotes lung damage.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Review
- Liposomal Encapsulation of Polysaccharides (LEPS) as an Effective Vaccine Strategy to Protect Aged Hosts AgainstFrontiers in aging · 2021Article
- Effectiveness of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Against Pneumococcal Diseases Among the Elderly Aged 60 Years or Older: A Matched Test Negative Case-Control Study in Shanghai, China.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Food Insecurity and Influenza and Pneumonia Vaccines Uptake Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the United States.Journal of community health · 2020Article
- Preventing infectious diseases for healthy ageing: The VITAL public-private partnership project.Vaccine · 2020Review
- Theory and strategy for Pneumococcal vaccines in the elderly.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Article
- Cardio-metabolic and immunological impacts of extra virgin olive oil consumption in overweight and obese older adults: a randomized controlled trial.Nutrition & metabolism · 2015Article
- Identification of peptidoglycan-associated proteins as vaccine candidates for enterococcal infections.PloS one · 2014Article
- Fungal allergy in asthma-state of the art and research needs.Clinical and translational allergy · 2014Article
- Not written, not done: are we identifying elderly at-risk patients for pneumococcal vaccination?Irish journal of medical science · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccination remains the primary preventive strategy in the elderly against Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza infections. The effectiveness of this strategy in preventing pneumonia has been in doubt despite the increase in vaccination coverage among older adults. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies aimed at determining clinical outcomes and immune response following pneumococcal vaccination have yielded conflicting results. The protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination against pneumonia in older adults has not been firmly established due to a lack of RCTs specifically examining patients ≥ 65 years of age. Similarly, the reported benefits of influenza vaccination have been derived from observational data. The assessment of clinical benefit from influenza vaccination in the elderly population is complicated by varying cohorts, virulence of the influenza strain, and matching of vaccine and circulating viral strains. The presence of selection bias and use of nonspecific end points in these studies make the current evidence inconclusive in terms of overall benefit. The development of more immunogenic vaccines through new formulations or addition of adjuvants holds the promise of revolutionizing delivery and improving efficacy. Dismantling existing barriers through education, providing technology assistance predominantly to developing countries, and establishing clear regulatory guidance on pathways for approval are necessary to ensure timely production and equitable distribution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.