ArticleJournal of virology2013
Identification and functional analysis of the novel ORF4 protein encoded by porcine circovirus type 2.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Y-box-binding protein 1 stabilizes the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 to promote viral replication.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- PCV2 Infection Represses the Differentiation of Light Zone Germinal Center B Cells by Inhibiting Their Interaction with Helper Cells.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- PCV2 Cap protein nuclear import via importin α/β receptor: molecular insights and antiviral potential.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and genetic variation analysis of emerging porcine circovirus type 2 in Henan Province, 2023.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Review
- DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 interacts with porcine circovirus type 2 Cap protein and facilitates viral replication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of circovirus immunosuppression and pathogenesis with a focus on porcine circovirus 2: a review.The veterinary quarterly · 2023Review
- Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Infection: Recent Insights and Its Significance in the Piggery Sector.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Porcine Circovirus 2 Increases the Frequency of Transforming Growth Factor-β via the C35, S36 and V39 Amino Acids of the ORF4.Viruses · 2023Article
- Interaction between host cell proteins and open reading frames of porcine circovirus type 2.Journal of animal science and technology · 2023Review
- Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Hijacks Host IPO5 to Sustain the Intracytoplasmic Stability of Its Capsid Protein.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Porcine Circovirus 2 Activates the PERK-Reactive Oxygen Species Axis To Induce p53 Phosphorylation with Subsequent Cell Cycle Arrest at S Phase in Favor of Its Replication.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Immunogenicity and Immunoprotection of PCV2 Virus-like Particles Incorporating Dominant T and B Cell Antigenic Epitopes Paired with CD154 Molecules in Piglets and Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 by a red latex microsphere immunochromatographic strip.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Self-Assembly of Porcine Parvovirus Virus-like Particles and Their Application in Serological Assay.Viruses · 2022Article
- Cap Is the Protease of the Porcine Circovirus 2.Viruses · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases in pigs. To date, viral proteins Cap, Rep, Rep', and ORF3, encoded by the PCV2 genome, have been described. Here, transcription and translation of a novel viral gene within the PCV2 genome (designated ORF4) was determined and functionally analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Northern blot analysis indicated that the RNA transcribed from the ORF4 gene is about 180 bp in length and overlaps ORF3 in the same direction. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that the viral ORF4 protein is not essential for virus replication in PK-15 cells and in mice infected with an ORF4-deficient PCV2 (PCV2Δ). PCV2Δ triggered higher activity levels of caspase-3 and -8 than wild-type PCV2 (wPCV2) in PK-15 cells. The antigenic epitopes of two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against the viral ORF4 protein were mapped to the same 19KSSASPR25 peptide. Expression of ORF4 was confirmed using the specific MAbs in wPCV2-infected PK-15 cells and mice. Mice infected with PCV2Δ had a higher serum viral load (genomic copies) and more severe lymphoid tissue damage in the spleen than those infected with wPCV2. Meanwhile, flow-cytometric analysis indicated that the PCV2Δ infection caused a significant decrease of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Our results demonstrate that ORF4 is a newly discovered viral protein that is not essential for PCV2 replication but plays a role in suppressing caspase activity and regulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes during PCV2 infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.