ArticleMarine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)2013
Analysis of soluble protein contents from the nematocysts of a model sea anemone sheds light on venom evolution.
Article in Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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62 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cnidarian Venoms in the Omics Era: Toxin Discovery and Bioactive Potential.Marine drugs · 2026Review
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- Cellular and transcriptional trajectories of neural fate specification in sea anemone uncover two modes of adult neurogenesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Microrna Expression inMicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates) · 2026Article
- That Stinging Sensation: Modularity and the Origin of the Stinging Cell.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Review
- Anthozoan Chemical Defenses: Integrating Compounds, Enzymatic Activities, and Omics-Based Discoveries.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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- Aboral cell types ofScience advances · 2025Article
- Proteomic Diversity of the Sea AnemoneMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Candidate stem cell isolation and transplantation in Hexacorallia.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Molecular Insights into the Low Complexity Secreted Venom of Calliactis polypus.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Genome and tissue-specific transcriptomes of the large-polyp coral, Fimbriaphyllia (Euphyllia) ancora: a recipe for a coral polyp.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Article
- An ancient pan-cnidarian microRNA regulates stinging capsule biogenesis in Nematostella vectensis.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Micro and macroevolution of sea anemone venom phenotype.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Review
- Never, Ever Make an Enemy… Out of an Anemone: Transcriptomic Comparison of Clownfish Hosting Sea Anemone Venoms.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- The architecture and operating mechanism of a cnidarian stinging organelle.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
The nematocyst is one of the most complex intracellular structures found in nature and is the defining feature of the phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids). This miniature stinging organelle contains and delivers venom into prey and foe yet little is known about its toxic components. In the present study, we identified by tandem mass spectrometry 20 proteins released upon discharge from the nematocyst of the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The availability of genomic and transcriptomic data for this species enabled accurate identification and phylogenetic study of these components. Fourteen of these proteins could not be identified in other animals suggesting that they might be the products of taxonomically restricted genes, a finding which fits well their origin from a taxon-specific organelle. Further, we studied by in situ hybridization the localization of two of the transcripts encoding the putative nematocyst venom proteins: a metallopeptidase related to the Tolloid family and a cysteine-rich protein. Both transcripts were detected in nematocytes, which are the cells containing nematocysts, and the metallopeptidase was found also in pharyngeal gland cells. Our findings reveal for the first time the possible venom components of a sea anemone nematocyst and suggest their evolutionary origins.
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