ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2012
Environmental justice implications of arsenic contamination in California's San Joaquin Valley: a cross-sectional, cluster-design examining exposure and compliance in community drinking water systems.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Heterogeneity in the Relationship between Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water and Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
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- Mixed contaminant exposure in tapwater and the potential implications for human-health in disadvantaged communities in California.Water research · 2024Article
- Long-Term Exposure to Arsenic in Community Water Supplies and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Women in the California Teachers Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
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- Access for sale? Overlying rights, land transactions, and groundwater in California.Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2024Article
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- Sociodemographic Factors Are Associated with the Abundance of PFAS Sources and Detection in U.S. Community Water Systems.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Disparities in Drinking Water Manganese Concentrations in Domestic Wells and Community Water Systems in the Central Valley, CA, USA.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Community Perceptions of Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water and Preferences for Risk Communication in California's San Joaquin Valley.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Nationwide geospatial analysis of county racial and ethnic composition and public drinking water arsenic and uranium.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The Drinking Water Tool: A Community-Driven Data Visualization Tool for Policy Implementation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Headwater-to-consumer Drinking Water Security Assessment Framework and Associated Indicators for Small Communities in High-income Countries.Water resources management (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Inequities in Drinking Water Quality Among Domestic Well Communities and Community Water Systems, California, 2011‒2019.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Approximating Community Water System Service Areas to Explore the Demographics of SDWA Compliance in Virginia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Community-Level Analysis of Drinking Water Data Highlights the Importance of Drinking Water Metrics for the State, Federal Environmental Health Justice Priorities in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew studies of environmental justice examine inequities in drinking water contamination. Those studies that have done so usually analyze either disparities in exposure/harm or inequitable implementation of environmental policies. The US EPA's 2001 Revised Arsenic Rule, which tightened the drinking water standard for arsenic from 50 μg/L to 10 μg/L, offers an opportunity to analyze both aspects of environmental justice.
methodsWe hypothesized that Community Water Systems (CWSs) serving a higher proportion of minority residents or residents of lower socioeconomic status (SES) have higher drinking water arsenic levels and higher odds of non-compliance with the revised standard. Using water quality sampling data for arsenic and maximum contaminant level (MCL) violation data for 464 CWSs actively operating from 2005-2007 in California's San Joaquin Valley we ran bivariate tests and linear regression models.
resultsHigher home ownership rate was associated with lower arsenic levels (ß-coefficient= -0.27 μg As/L, 95% (CI), -0.5, -0.05). This relationship was stronger in smaller systems (ß-coefficient = -0.43, CI, -0.84, -0.03). CWSs with higher rates of homeownership had lower odds of receiving an MCL violation (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16, 0.67); those serving higher percentages of minorities had higher odds (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2, 5.4) of an MCL violation.
conclusionsWe found that higher arsenic levels and higher odds of receiving an MCL violation were most common in CWSs serving predominantly socio-economically disadvantaged communities. Our findings suggest that communities with greater proportions of low SES residents not only face disproportionate arsenic exposures, but unequal MCL compliance challenges.
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