ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2012
Comparison of walking overground and in a Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) in individuals with and without transtibial amputation.
Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of the computer-assisted rehabilitation environment on patient rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Heart and Brain Responses to Real Versus Simulated Chess Games in Trained Chess Players: A Quantitative EEG and HRV Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- The Effect of a Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Training Program on Walking Parameters in People With Unilateral Below-Knee Amputation: An Experimental and a Single-Subject Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Instrumented gait characteristics and short-term changes after CAREN training in ischemic stroke: a pilot study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Adjustable Compliance Footwear Technology to Investigate Gait Adaptation.IEEE robotics and automation letters · 2025Article
- Assessment of Dorsiflexion Ability across Tasks in Persons with Subacute SCI after Combined Locomotor Training and Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effect of Immersive Virtual Reality by a Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) in Juvenile Huntington's Disease: A Case Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Physical factors that differentiate body kinematics between treadmill and overground walking.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Article
- Physiological and biomechanical comparison of overground, treadmill, and ergometer handrim wheelchair propulsion in able-bodied subjects under standardized conditions.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Article
- Using force data to self-pace an instrumented treadmill and measure self-selected walking speed.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Article
- The walking speed-dependency of gait variability in bilateral vestibulopathy and its association with clinical tests of vestibular function.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Biomechanical and neurocognitive performance outcomes of walking with transtibial limb loss while challenged by a concurrent task.Experimental brain research · 2019Article
- Walking speed and spatiotemporal step mean measures are reliable during feedback-controlled treadmill walking; however, spatiotemporal step variability is not reliable.Journal of biomechanics · 2019Article
- Choosing appropriate prosthetic ankle work to reduce the metabolic cost of individuals with transtibial amputation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A Wearable Magneto-Inertial System for Gait Analysis (H-Gait): Validation on Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Young Healthy Adults.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- User Perspectives on Exergames Designed to Explore the Hemineglected Space for Stroke Patients With Visuospatial Neglect: Usability Study.JMIR serious games · 2017Article
- Use of Perturbation-Based Gait Training in a Virtual Environment to Address Mediolateral Instability in an Individual With Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation.Physical therapy · 2016Article
- A Compact Forearm Crutch Based on Force Sensors for Aided Gait: Reliability and Validity.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- The use of a computer-assisted rehabilitation environment (CAREN) for enhancing wounded warrior rehabilitation regimens.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDue to increased interest in treadmill gait training, recent research has focused on the similarities and differences between treadmill and overground walking. Most of these studies have tested healthy, young subjects rather than impaired populations that might benefit from such training. These studies also do not include optic flow, which may change how the individuals integrate sensory information when walking on a treadmill. This study compared overground walking to treadmill walking in a computer assisted virtual reality environment (CAREN) in individuals with and without transtibial amputations (TTA).
methodsSeven individuals with traumatic TTA and 27 unimpaired controls participated. Subjects walked overground and on a treadmill in a CAREN at a normalized speed. The CAREN applied optic flow at the same speed that the subject walked. Temporal-spatial parameters, full body kinematics, and kinematic variability were collected during all trials.
resultsBoth subject groups decreased step time and control subjects decreased step length when walking in the CAREN. Differences in lower extremity kinematics were small (< 2.5(○)) and did not exceed the minimal detectable change values for these measures. Control subjects exhibited decreased transverse and frontal plane range of motion of the pelvis and trunk when walking in the CAREN, while patients with TTA did not. Both groups exhibited increased step width variability during treadmill walking in the CAREN, but only minor changes in kinematic variability.
conclusionsThe results of this study suggest that treadmill training in a virtual environment should be similar enough to overground that changes should carry over. Caution should be made when comparing step width variability and step time results from studies utilizing a treadmill to those overground.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.