ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2012
Cytokine responses to novel antigens in an Indian population living in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Design and development of highly conserved, HLA-promiscuous T cell multiepitope vaccines against human visceral leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Immunization with recombinant LiHyp1 protein plus adjuvant is protective against tegumentary leishmaniasis.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Preclinical validation of a live attenuated dermotropic Leishmania vaccine against vector transmitted fatal visceral leishmaniasis.Communications biology · 2021Article
- IFN-γCellular immunology · 2021Article
- Digitoxigenin presents an effective and selective antileishmanial action against Leishmania infantum and is a potential therapeutic agent for visceral leishmaniasis.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- Xenodiagnosis to address key questions in visceral leishmaniasis control and elimination.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a Leishmania protein associated with distinct adjuvants against visceral leishmaniasis and in vitro immunogenicity in human cells.Parasitology research · 2020Article
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- Human genetics of leishmania infections.Human genetics · 2020Review
- Whole Blood Stimulation Assay as a Treatment Outcome Monitoring Tool for VL Patients in Ethiopia: A Pilot Evaluation.Journal of immunology research · 2020Article
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- Nucleoside Hydrolase NH 36: A Vital Enzyme for theFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Using proteomics as a powerful tool to develop a vaccine against Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2018Review
- Epitope-Binding Characteristics for Risk versus Protective DRB1 Alleles for Visceral Leishmaniasis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Review
- Antigenicity ofFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Monocyte-Derived Signals Activate Human Natural Killer Cells in Response toFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are no effective vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected parasitic disease second only to malaria in global mortality. We previously identified 14 protective candidates in a screen of 100 Leishmania antigens as DNA vaccines in mice. Here we employ whole blood assays to evaluate human cytokine responses to 11 of these antigens, in comparison to known defined and crude antigen preparations.
methodsWhole blood assays were employed to measure IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 responses to peptide pools of the novel antigens R71, Q51, L37, N52, L302.06, J89, M18, J41, M22, M63, M57, as well as to recombinant proteins of tryparedoxin peroxidase (TRYP), Leishmania homolog of the receptor for activated C kinase (LACK) and to crude soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA), in Indian patients with active (n = 8) or cured (n = 16) VL, and in modified Quantiferon positive (EHC(+ve), n = 20) or modified Quantiferon negative (EHC(-ve), n = 9) endemic healthy controls (EHC).
resultsActive VL, cured VL and EHC(+ve) groups showed elevated SLA-specific IFN-γ, but only active VL patients produced IL-10 and EHC(+ve) did not make TNF-α. IFN-γ to IL-10 and TNF-α to IL-10 ratios in response to TRYP and LACK antigens were higher in cured VL and EHC(+ve) exposed individuals compared to active VL. Five of the eleven novel candidates (R71, L37, N52, J41, and M22) elicited IFN-γ and TNF-α, but not IL-10, responses in cured VL (55-87.5% responders) and EHC(+ve) (40-65% responders) subjects.
conclusionsOur results are consistent with an important balance between pro-inflammatory IFNγ and TNFγ cytokine responses and anti-inflammatory IL-10 in determining outcome of VL in India, as highlighted by response to both crude and defined protein antigens. Importantly, cured VL patients and endemic Quantiferon positive individuals recognise 5 novel vaccine candidate antigens, confirming our recent data for L. chagasi in Brazil, and their potential as cross-species vaccine candidates.
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