Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2012
Long-term update of US GI intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase III trial for anal carcinoma: survival, relapse, and colostomy failure with concurrent chemoradiation involving fluorouracil/mitomycin versus fluorouracil/cisplatin.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 226 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
226 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 575 citations in OpenAlex.
- SEOM-GEMCAD-TTD clinical guidelines for anal cancer (2025).Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Guideline
- Outcomes of Anal Cancer Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Curative Chemoradiotherapy: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Treatment of stage I-III squamous cell anal cancer: a comparative effectiveness systematic review.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review on the role of interventional radiotherapy for treatment of anal squamous cell cancer: multimodal and multidisciplinary therapeutic approach.La Radiologia medica · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic factors for patients with anal cancer treated with conformal radiotherapy-a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical Practice Guideline: Anal Cancer—Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-upDeutsches Arzteblatt international · 2021Guideline
- Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Treatment of Anal Cancer.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2019Pooled it
- Anal Carcinoma, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2018Guideline
- PET imaging in anal canal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of radiology · 2017Pooled it
- Definitive S-1/mitomycin-C chemoradiotherapy for stage II/III anal canal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase I/II dose-finding and single-arm confirmatory study (JCOG0903).International journal of clinical oncology · 2023Trial
- A phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (the JROSG 10-2 trial).Journal of radiation research · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Long-Term Outcomes of NRG Oncology/RTOG 0529: A Phase 2 Evaluation of Dose-Painted Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Combination With 5-Fluorouracil and Mitomycin-C for the Reduction of Acute Morbidity in Anal Canal Cancer.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2022Trial
- VITAL phase 2 study: Upfront 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin-C, panitumumab and radiotherapy treatment in nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal (GEMCAD 09-02).Cancer medicine · 2020Trial
- Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial of Elective Nodal Dose Reduction for Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Significance of Co-expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Ki67 on Clinical Outcome in Patients With Anal Cancer Treated With Chemoradiotherapy: An Analysis of NRG Oncology RTOG 9811.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2017Trial
- Cetuximab Plus Chemoradiotherapy in Immunocompetent Patients With Anal Carcinoma: A Phase II Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network Cancer Research Group Trial (E3205).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2017Trial
- Cetuximab Plus Chemoradiotherapy for HIV-Associated Anal Carcinoma: A Phase II AIDS Malignancy Consortium Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2017Trial
- [Combination of radiotherapy and medicinal anticancer therapy with curative intent].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeOn initial publication of GI Intergroup Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 98-11 [A Phase III Randomized Study of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Mitomycin, and Radiotherapy Versus 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin and Radiotherapy in Carcinoma of the Anal Canal], concurrent chemoradiation (CCR) with fluorouracil (FU) plus mitomycin (MMC) decreased colostomy failure (CF) when compared with induction plus concurrent FU plus cisplatin (CDDP), but did not significantly impact disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) for anal canal carcinoma. The intent of the updated analysis was to determine the long-term impact of treatment on survival (DFS, OS, colostomy-free survival [CFS]), CF, and relapse (locoregional failure [LRF], distant metastasis) in this patient group. PATIENTS AND
methodsStratification factors included sex, clinical node status, and primary size. DFS and OS were estimated univariately by the Kaplan-Meier method, and treatment arms were compared by log-rank test. Time to relapse and CF were estimated by the cumulative incidence method and treatment arms were compared by using Gray's test. Multivariate analyses used Cox proportional hazard models to test for treatment differences after adjusting for stratification factors.
resultsOf 682 patients accrued, 649 were analyzable for outcomes. DFS and OS were statistically better for RT + FU/MMC versus RT + FU/CDDP (5-year DFS, 67.8% v 57.8%; P = .006; 5-year OS, 78.3% v 70.7%; P = .026). There was a trend toward statistical significance for CFS (P = .05), LRF (P = .087), and CF (P = .074). Multivariate analysis was statistically significant for treatment and clinical node status for both DFS and OS, for tumor diameter for DFS, and for sex for OS.
conclusionCCR with FU/MMC has a statistically significant, clinically meaningful impact on DFS and OS versus induction plus concurrent FU/CDDP, and it has borderline significance for CFS, CF, and LRF. Therefore, RT + FU/MMC remains the preferred standard of care.
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