ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2013
The association between breastfeeding, maternal smoking in utero, and birth weight with bone mass and fractures in adolescents: a 16-year longitudinal study.
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutrients, Diet, and Other Factors in Prenatal Life and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Association between maternal smoking and child bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Pooled it
- The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review.Journal of environmental and public health · 2018Pooled it
- The National Osteoporosis Foundation's position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- Role of gestational age and intrauterine growth on bone mass in adolescents: findings from a Brazilian Birth Cohort Study.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Microbes Matter: Exploring the Connection Between Infant Gut Microbiota and Bone Development.Calcified tissue international · 2025Article
- Early-life tobacco smoke elevating later-life osteoporosis risk: Mediated by telomere length and interplayed with genetic predisposition.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Prenatal and Neonatal Bone Health: Updated Review on Early Identification of Newborns at High Risk for Osteopenia.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Early Life Programming of Skeletal Health.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
- Early life organophosphate ester exposures and bone health at age 12 years: The Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Early Life Exposure to a Diet With a Supramolecular Lipid Structure Close to That of Mammalian Milk Improves Early Life Growth, Skeletal Development, and Later Life Neurocognitive Function in Individually and Socially Housed Male C57BL/6J Mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Review
- Association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of bone fractures in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- Is correcting exposure misclassification bias an additional option in meta-analyses?Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Boys: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Observational
- Association between Body Composition, Physical Activity, Food Intake and Bone Status in German Children and Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Infant milk feeding and bone health in later life: findings from the Hertfordshire cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Article
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fractures in offspring: national register based sibling comparison study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Article
- Video-based kinetic analysis of calcification in live osteogenic human embryonic stem cell cultures reveals the developmentally toxic effect of Snus tobacco extract.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2019Article
- Breastfeeding as the sole source of milk for 6 months and adolescent bone mineral density.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledThe aim of this birth cohort study was to determine whether early life factors (birth weight, breastfeeding, and maternal smoking) were associated with bone mass and fractures in 16-year-old adolescents. The results suggest that breastfeeding is associated with higher bone mass and lower fracture risk at age 16 but not in utero smoking or birth weight.
introductionThere are limited data on early life influences on bone mass in adolescence but we have previously reported in utero smoking, breastfeeding, and birth weight were associated with bone mass at age 8.
methodsBirth weight, breastfeeding intention and habit, and maternal smoking during pregnancy were assessed at phase one in 1988-1999 and by recall during phase two in 1996-1997. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Fractures were assessed by questionnaire. Subjects included 415 male and female adolescents from Southern Tasmania representing 29 % of those who originally took part in a birth cohort study in 1988 and 1989.
resultsBreastfeeding (assessed in a number of ways) was associated with a 2-3 % increase in BMD at all sites apart from the radius and around a one third reduction in fracture risk which persisted after adjustment for confounders. In univariate analysis, birth weight was associated with BMD at the hip, radius, and total body but this did not persist in multivariate analysis and there was no association with fracture. Smoking in utero had no association with BMD at any site or fracture.
conclusionsBreastfeeding is associated with a beneficial increase in bone mass at age 16 and a reduction in fracture risk during adolescence. The association previously observed at 8 years of age is no longer present for birth weight or smoking in utero.
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