SynthesisCirculation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes2012
Circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Synthesis in Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 303 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Double Blind, Randomized, Phase 4, Clinical Trial of The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Vitamin D Deficiency
Impact of Vitamin D3 Administration on Cardiac Autonomic Tone in Asthma COPD Overlap(ACO) Patients: A Blinded Randomized Control Trial
Who cites it
303 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Are there prophylactic effects of vitamin D among healthier adult patients? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing the potency of vitamin D augmentation on saccharometric indices in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 134000 Individuals in 29 Randomized Clinical Trials and 157000 Individuals in 30 Prospective Cohort Studies: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of research in health sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Clinical practice guideline of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women.Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2022Guideline
- Meta-Analysis of the Association Between the rs228570 Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Arterial Hypertension Risk.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and skin cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Stroke: Effects on Incidence, Severity, and Outcome and the Potential Benefits of Supplementation.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- The association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2019Pooled it
- Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of vitamin D on ventricular remodelling in heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Lower Vitamin D Status Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Vitamin D and serum leptin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2017Pooled it
- Relationship Between Low Bone Mineral Density and Fractures With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017Pooled it
- Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of preoperative vitamin D on postoperative atrial fibrillation incidence after coronary artery bypass grafting.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2024Trial
243 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D status has been linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the optimal 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]-vitamin D) levels for potential cardiovascular health benefits remain unclear. METHODS AND
resultsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1966 through February 2012 for prospective studies that assessed the association of 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations with CVD risk. A total of 24 articles met our inclusion criteria, from which 19 independent studies with 6123 CVD cases in 65 994 participants were included for a meta-analysis. In a comparison of the lowest with the highest 25(OH)-vitamin D categories, the pooled relative risk was 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 1.30-1.77) for total CVD, 1.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.71) for CVD mortality, 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.57) for coronary heart disease, and 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.10) for stroke. These associations remained strong and significant when analyses were limited to studies that excluded participants with baseline CVD and were better controlled for season and confounding. We used a fractional polynomial spline regression analysis to assess the linearity of dose-response association between continuous 25(OH)-vitamin D and CVD risk. The CVD risk increased monotonically across decreasing 25(OH)-vitamin D below ≈60 nmol/L, with a relative risk of 1.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.06) per 25-nmol/L decrement in 25(OH)-vitamin D.
conclusionsThis meta-analysis demonstrated a generally linear, inverse association between circulating 25(OH)-vitamin D ranging from 20 to 60 nmol/L and risk of CVD. Further research is needed to clarify the association of 25(OH)-vitamin D higher than 60 nmol/L with CVD risk and assess causality of the observed associations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.