ArticleCytokine2013
Systemic inflammation associated with mechanical ventilation among extremely preterm infants.
Article in Cytokine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying the risk factors of autism spectrum disorders in infants born preterm: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation and Early Inflammation in Preterm Infants: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Neonatology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Reframing Risk: Intubation Time Outweighs Tracheostomy in Predicting Neurodevelopment in Severe BPD.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Innate Immunity: A Narrative Review of the Roles of IL-1β and IL-8 (CXCL8).Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Perturbation of the preterm human immune system in early life.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Association between neonatal sepsis and lung function in school-age children born preterm.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- From Breath to Brain: NICU respiratory interventions and bedside brain signal entropy predict later autism risk.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Perturbation of the Preterm Human Immune System in Early Life.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Accuracy of lung ultrasound in predicting successful extubation in preterm infants born ≤ 25 weeks.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Mechanical ventilation amplifies intratracheal lipopolysaccharide-induced plasma and brainstem inflammation in preterm foetal sheep.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Advancements in biomarkers and machine learning for predicting of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Chronic Inflammation Offers Hints About Viable Therapeutic Targets for Preeclampsia and Potentially Related Offspring Sequelae.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neonatal inflammation and its association with asthma and obesity in late childhood among individuals born extremely preterm.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Systemic hemodynamics and pediatric lung disease: mechanistic links and therapeutic relevance.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Review
- Early administration of umbilical cord blood cells following brief high tidal volume ventilation in preterm sheep: a cautionary tale.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- AntenatalInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Prevention of Inflammatory Disorders in the Preterm Neonate: An Update with a Special Focus on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.Neonatology · 2024Review
- Antenatal Ureaplasma infection induces ovine small intestinal goblet cell defects: a strong link with NEC pathology.Tissue barriers · 2023Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Little evidence is available to document that mechanical ventilation is an antecedent of systemic inflammation in preterm humans. We obtained blood on postnatal day 14 from 726 infants born before the 28th week of gestation and measured the concentrations of 25 inflammation-related proteins. We created multivariable models to assess the relationship between duration of ventilation and protein concentrations in the top quartile. Compared to newborns ventilated for fewer than 7 days (N=247), those ventilated for 14 days (N=330) were more likely to have elevated blood concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1), an adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and a matrix metalloprotease (MMP-9), and less likely to have elevated blood concentrations of two chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1β), a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1), and a growth factor (VEGF). Newborns ventilated for 7-13 days (N=149) had systemic inflammation that approximated the pattern of newborns ventilated for 14 days. These relationships were not confounded by chorioamnionitis or antenatal corticosteroid exposure, and were not altered appreciably among infants with and without bacteremia. These findings suggest that 2 weeks of ventilation are more likely than shorter durations of ventilation to be accompanied by high blood concentrations of pro-inflammatory proteins indicative of systemic inflammation, and by low concentrations of proteins that might protect from inflammation-mediated organ injury.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.