ArticleInfection and immunity2013
Alveolar epithelial cells are critical in protection of the respiratory tract by secretion of factors able to modulate the activity of pulmonary macrophages and directly control bacterial growth.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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64 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-dependent immune responses and resident cell dynamics in young mice following pneumonia.iScience · 2026Article
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- Progressive microbial alterations in the human gut and lung across early life: implications for translational medicine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
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- Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili (MTP) facilitates pathogenicity by modulating oxidative phosphorylation and carbon flux during early infection of A549 epithelial cells.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Article
- Staged Construction of Pluripotent Stem Cell Lung Models for Assessing Respiratory Toxicity of Environmental Pollutants.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
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- NADPH oxidases: redox regulation of cell homeostasis and disease.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
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- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal a stress-induced EMT-like epithelial subset driving immune activation in silica-injured lung.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Cell Cross-Talk in Alveolar Microenvironment: From Lung Injury to Fibrosis.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2024Review
- Inter-continental variability in the relationship of oxidative potential and cytotoxicity with PMNature communications · 2024Article
- Exploring the Role of Immune System and Inflammatory Cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Lung Disease: A Narrative Review.Biology · 2023Review
- Early innate cell interactions withFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The underappreciated role of resident epithelial cell populations in metastatic progression: contributions of the lung alveolar epithelium.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2022Review
- Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Understanding the Immune Response in the Bronchoalveolar System.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Strain-Specific Behavior of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Interruption of Autophagy Pathway in Human Alveolar Type II Epithelial A549 CellsIranian biomedical journal · 2022Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cicadidae Periostracum Extract and Oleic Acid through Inhibiting Inflammatory Chemokines Using PCR Arrays in LPS-Induced Lung inflammation In Vitro.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Macrophage-derived IL-6 trans-signalling as a novel target in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.The European respiratory journal · 2022Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is a physical and functional barrier actively involved in the clearance of environmental agents. The alveolar compartment is lined with membranous pneumocytes, known as type I alveolar epithelial cells (AEC I), and granular pneumocytes, type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II). AEC II are responsible for epithelial reparation upon injury and ion transport and are very active immunologically, contributing to lung defense by secreting antimicrobial factors. AEC II also secrete a broad variety of factors, such as cytokines and chemokines, involved in activation and differentiation of immune cells and are able to present antigen to specific T cells. Another cell type important in lung defense is the pulmonary macrophage (PuM). Considering the architecture of the alveoli, a good communication between the external and the internal compartments is crucial to mount effective responses. Our hypothesis is that being in the interface, AEC may play an important role in transmitting signals from the external to the internal compartment and in modulating the activity of PuM. For this, we collected supernatants from AEC unstimulated or stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These AEC-conditioned media were used in various setups to test for the effects on a number of macrophage functions: (i) migration, (ii) phagocytosis and intracellular control of bacterial growth, and (iii) phenotypic changes and morphology. Finally, we tested the direct effect of AEC-conditioned media on bacterial growth. We found that AEC-secreted factors had a dual effect, on one hand controlling bacterial growth and on the other hand increasing macrophage activity.
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