ArticleParasites & vectors2012
Factors affecting deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) prevalence and infestation intensity in moose (Alces alces) in Norway.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distribution ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- The role of deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena and Neolipoptena) in occupational and public health.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2025Review
- First report of Lipoptena axis Maa, 1965, from captive cervids in Thailand, based on morphological and molecular data.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Distribution of Deer Keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in Free-Living Cervids of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, Central Italy, and Establishment of the Allochthonous EctoparasiteAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Molecular characterization ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2021Article
- Exposure of Humans to Attacks by Deer Keds and Consequences of Their Bites-A Case Report with Environmental Background.Insects · 2020Article
- Temporal-Microclimatic Factors Affect the Phenology ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Microbiome Analysis Reveals the Presence ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Molecular detection of Bartonella spp. in deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) in Poland.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Phenology of deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) host-seeking flight activity and its relationship with prevailing autumn weather.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Parasite load and seasonal migration in red deer.Oecologia · 2016Article
- Vertical transmission of Bartonella schoenbuchensis in Lipoptena cervi.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe deer ked (Lipoptena cervi), a hematophagous ectoparasite of Cervids, is currently spreading in Scandinavia. In Norway, keds are now invading the south-eastern part of the country and the abundant and widely distributed moose (Alces alces) is the definitive host. However, key factors for ked abundance are poorly elucidated. The objectives of our study were to (i) determine deer ked infestation prevalence and intensity on moose and (ii) evaluate if habitat characteristics and moose population density are determinants of deer ked abundance on moose.
methodsIn order to identify key factors for deer ked abundance, a total of 350 skin samples from the neck of hunted moose were examined and deer keds counted. Infestation intensity was analyzed in relation to moose age and sex, moose population density and landscape characteristics surrounding the killing site.
resultsDeer ked infestation prevalence was 100%, but infestation intensity varied from 0.001 to 1.405 keds/cm². Ked intensity was highest in male yearlings (~1.5 years) and positively associated with longitude and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) dominated habitat and negatively associated with bogs and latitude. Moose population density during autumn showed a tendency to be positively associated, while altitude tended to be negatively associated with ked intensity.
conclusionsDeer keds exploit the whole moose population within our study area, but are most prevalent in areas dominated by Scots pine. This is probably a reflection of Scots pine being the preferred winter browse for moose in areas with highest moose densities in winter. Ked intensity decreases towards the northwest and partly with increasing altitude, probably explained by the direction of dispersal and reduced temperature, respectively. Abundant deer ked harm humans and domestic animals. Moose management authorities should therefore be aware of the close relationship between moose, deer ked and habitat, using the knowledge as a management tool for locally regulating the ked burden.
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