ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2012
The impact of primary healthcare in reducing inequalities in child health outcomes, Bogotá-Colombia: an ecological analysis.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Utilization of maternal healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- What interventions are effective on reducing inequalities in maternal and child health in low- and middle-income settings? A systematic review.BMC public health · 2014Pooled it
- Article
- Associations between primary healthcare and infant health outcomes: a cohort analysis of low-income mothers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Use of preventive measures, beliefs and information received about COVID-19 and their effects on mental health, in two stages of the pandemic in Colombia.Annals of medicine · 2022Observational
- Socioeconomic inequalities in effective service coverage for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health: a comparative analysis of 39 low-income and middle-income countries.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Association of primary care physician supply with maternal and child health in China: a national panel dataset, 2012-2017.BMC public health · 2020Article
- The association between the supply and utilization of community-based primary care and child health in a context of hospital-oriented healthcare system in urban districts of Guangdong, China: a panel dataset, 2014-2016.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Next steps towards universal health coverage call for global leadership.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Article
- Benefits of health reform for households in rural South Africa following implementation of ward-based primary healthcare outreach teams: a qualitative inquiry.Global health action · 2018Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in neonatal and postneonatal mortality: Evidence from rural Iran, 1998-2013.International journal for equity in health · 2017Article
- State of inequality in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunisation coverage in low-income and middle-income countries: a multicountry study of household health surveys.The Lancet. Global health · 2016Article
- Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Use of Primary Care Providers and Preventive Health Services at a Midwestern University.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2016Article
- Inequalities in health: living conditions and infant mortality in Northeastern Brazil.Revista de saude publica · 2015Article
- Socioeconomic inequality and its determinants regarding infant mortality in iran.Iranian Red Crescent medical journal · 2014Article
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7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundColombia is one of the countries with the widest levels of socioeconomic and health inequalities. Bogotá, its capital, faces serious problems of poverty, social disparities and access to health services. A Primary Health Care (PHC) strategy was implemented in 2004 to improve health care and to address the social determinants of such inequalities. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the PHC strategy to reducing inequalities in child health outcomes in Bogotá.
methodsAn ecological analysis with localities as the unit of analysis was carried out. The variable used to capture the socioeconomic status and living standards was the Quality of Life Index (QLI). Concentration curves and concentration indices for four child health outcomes (infant mortality rate (IMR), under-5 mortality rate, prevalence of acute malnutrition in children under-5, and vaccination coverage for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus) were calculated to measure socioeconomic inequality. Two periods were used to describe possible changes in the magnitude of the inequalities related with the PHC implementation (2003 year before - 2007 year after implementation). The contribution of the PHC intervention was computed by a decomposition analysis carried out on data from 2007.
resultsIn both 2003 and 2007, concentration curves and indexes of IMR, under-5 mortality rate and acute malnutrition showed inequalities to the disadvantage of localities with lower QLI. Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) vaccinations were more prevalent among localities with higher QLI in 2003 but were higher in localities with lower QLI in 2007. The variation of the concentration index between 2003 and 2007 indicated reductions in inequality for all of the indicators in the period after the PHC implementation. In 2007, PHC was associated with a reduction in the effect of the inequality that affected disadvantaged localities in under-5 mortality (24%), IMR (19%) and acute malnutrition (7%). PHC also contributed approximately 20% to inequality in DPT coverage, favoring the poorer localities.
conclusionThe PHC strategy developed in Bogotá appears to be contributing to reductions of the inequality associated with socioeconomic and living conditions in child health outcomes.
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