ArticlePloS one2012
Probing mixed-genotype infections II: high multiplicity in natural infections of the trypanosomatid, Crithidia bombi, in its host, Bombus spp.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sunflower Pollen and Bumble Bee Health: Mechanisms, Modifiers and Trade-Offs.Ecology and evolution · 2026Review
- Effects of an alternative host on the prevalence and intensity of infection of a bumble bee parasite.Parasitology · 2022Article
- Genetic variation and microbiota in bumble bees cross-infected by different strains of C. bombi.PloS one · 2022Article
- Genomic Variation among Strains ofmSphere · 2019Article
- Large and finite sample properties of a maximum-likelihood estimator for multiplicity of infection.PloS one · 2018Article
- Evolution of resistance to single and combined floral phytochemicals by a bumble bee parasite.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- Context-dependent medicinal effects of anabasine and infection-dependent toxicity in bumble bees.PloS one · 2017Article
- Insect antimicrobial peptides act synergistically to inhibit a trypanosome parasite.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Article
- Immune response and gut microbial community structure in bumblebees after microbiota transplants.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2016Article
- Genome of Leptomonas pyrrhocoris: a high-quality reference for monoxenous trypanosomatids and new insights into evolution of Leishmania.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Variable effects of nicotine, anabasine, and their interactions on parasitized bumble bees.F1000Research · 2015Article
- Possible Synergistic Effects of Thymol and Nicotine Against Crithidia bombi Parasitism in Bumble Bees.PloS one · 2015Article
- Gene expression differences underlying genotype-by-genotype specificity in a host-parasite system.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Article
- Probing mixed-genotype infections I: extraction and cloning of infections from hosts of the trypanosomatid Crithidia bombi.PloS one · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mixed-genotype infections have major consequences for many essential elements of host-parasite interactions. With genetic exchange between co-infecting parasite genotypes increased diversity among parasite offspring and the emergence of novel genotypes from infected hosts is possible. We here investigated mixed- genotype infections using the host, Bombus spp. and its trypanosome parasite Crithidia bombi as our study case. The natural infections of C. bombi were genotyped with a novel method for a representative sample of workers and spring queens in Switzerland. We found that around 60% of all infected hosts showed mixed-genotype infections with an average of 2.47±0.22 (S.E.) and 3.65±1.02 genotypes per worker or queen, respectively. Queens, however, harboured up to 29 different genotypes. Based on the genotypes of co-infecting strains, these could be putatively assigned to either 'primary' and 'derived' genotypes - the latter resulting from genetic exchange among the primary genotypes. High genetic relatedness among co-infecting derived but not primary genotypes supported this scenario. Co-infection in queens seems to be a major driver for the diversity of genotypes circulating in host populations.
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